FCI Standards not-recognized (rare) breeds

FCI-Standard N° -- AKBASH (Dutch / Ned. standaard) Foto

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: Turkey.

INTRODUCTION - The physical and temperamental attributes of the Akbash Dog (pronounced Ah-k-bah-sh) reflect both mastiff and gazehound origins. They have the size, power and protective nature of the former; the long legs, fleet appearance and keen eyesight of the latter. Unlike many recognized western breeds, there is a decided phenotypic variation expressed by the modern gene pool; yet the breed is distinct and identifiable. Great care should be taken that the breed standard not be used to develop any extreme. The Akbash Dog is the result of centuries of natural selection as a guardian of livestock. In addition to its numerous physical attributes and stable temperament, the breed displays an exceptionally well developed maternal instinct. Maternal instinct is demonstrated by sensitivity and submissiveness to livestock, nurturing of young animals and fierce protectiveness when those animals are threatened. The qualities that have enabled the Akbash Dog to excel as livestock guardian should be uppermost in the minds of all who select breeding stock and affect the future health and survival of this breed.

GENERAL APPEARANCE
The all white Akbash Dog is a large and ancient guard dog breed from Turkey. The body is muscular, long-legged and slightly longer than tall. They are capable of running at great speed, have stamina, and a gazelle-like grace. In addition, Akbash Dogs have acute senses of sight and hearing. Males and females can look strikingly different; males grow faster and larger and take longer to mature, whereas females are more refined in appearance.

TEMPERAMENT
The Akbash Dog is completely dedicated and devoted to its owners and any animals in its charge. These dogs possess intelligence and courage, making them natural guardians. Their independent nature allows them to respond swiftly and without guidance in an emergency. Their loyalty and protective instinct make them ideal home and estate guardians in addition to their more traditional role of guarding livestock. There is no difference in guarding ability between the male and female.

Due to their strong maternal instinct, Akbash Dogs begin to bond to other living creatures at a very early age. They have been known to form strong attachments to sheep, goats, cattle, horses and other livestock; to poultry or exotic birds; to deer, alpacas, llamas and other animals; to people. Once bonded, even without specialized training, the dogs will not hesitate to come to the rescue of their charges if they think they are in danger, even at the risk of their own lives. Protected animals often show great trust and loyalty to their canine guardians - sheep allow the dogs to sniff and clean their newborn lambs; often they will flock behind their guardian when threatened. This symbiotic relationship, practiced for centuries in the Old World, is just recently being demonstrated and understood in the New World.

Temperaments to be avoided include cowardliness and inappropriate aggression. A timid or cowardly dog tucks its tail, cringes, shrinks away or trembles when approached by a stranger or startled. Dogs should be able to discern between neutral and unfriendly strangers; they should never attack non-threatening people away from their territory. On their own turf, territorial aggression against intruders is normal, especially when their owners are not present. They may also be belligerent toward strange dogs on or off their home property. Handlers are always responsible for controlling the ir Akbash Dogs in public. The typical Akbash Dog does not have a high activity level and is not overly playful as an adult. Such individuals exist, but they should not be used as breeding stock, since the development of such traits would be contradictory to the breed's attributes as a livestock guardian.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
Mature dogs generally measure 28 to 31 inches (71 to 79 cm) at the withers; females 27 to 29 inches (69 to 74 cm).

Weight should be in proportion to size and bone structure, and results in proper symmetry and balance. Mature dogs in trim condition weigh 90 to 130 pounds (41 to 59 Kg); females weigh from 75 to 100 pounds (34 to 45 Kg). Any significant deviation from the above measurements is considered a fault.

COLOR
Coat color is all over white. Light biscuit on the ears or on the ridge line, or coloration in the undercoat is acceptable. Defined spotting or a large amount of coloration is considered a fault when the color is biscuit. Any other color in the outer coat is a disqualification. The skin is usually pigmented in a piebald pattern. A large degree of pigmentation is considered desirable.

HEAD
Males have more massive heads than females. The head seen from above forms a blunt wedge, broad across the skull. It is slightly rounded as seen from the front and in profile. A narrow skull, or a round, domed skull are considered faults. The muzzle has great strength at the base, is barely chiselled under the eyes and should be slightly less than half the total length of the head. The top of the muzzle should have some breadth with a slight to moderately defined stop. No discernible stop or an extreme stop are considered faults. The muzzle tapers to a broad nose with wide-open nostrils. Tight flews barely cover the lower teeth. Powerful jaws, without fleshy cheeks, end in strong underjaws. A snipy muzzle with shallow underjaw is a fault. A scissor bite is preferred, but a level bite is acceptable. A distinct over or under bite is a disqualification. Dark pigmentation should be present on the eyelids, nose and mouth. Black is preferred but dark brown is acceptable. Complete dark pigmentation is preferred to any missing color on eyelids, nose and mouth. Absence of pigmentation to a sizable degree on any of these areas is considered a fault. Complete absence is a disqualification. During cold weather the nose and lips may lighten; this is considered normal.

EARS
Set high, V-shaped, tips slightly rounded, flat to the skull, carried pendant. When pulled forward, the tips of the ears should cover the eyes. When the dog is alert, the ears are raised and brought forward. Imported Turkish dogs may have cropped ears.

EYES
Almond shaped eyes are set well apart and distinctly oblique. Eye color varies from light golden brown to very dark brown. Yellow eyes are considered a fault, blue eyes a disqualification. Eye lids should be tight enough to prevent sagging.

NECK
A strong muscular neck, medium in length, arches at the crest. Most dogs have at least a slight ruff of longer hair, beginning under the ears on the back of the jaws and extending along the neck and chest to the front of the shoulders. There may be a slight to moderate dewlap, although minimal dewlap is preferred.

BODY
A long chest extends in depth to the elbows. Ribs are well-sprung but not rounded. The back appears long, is straight up to the loin where it arches slightly. The croup is well- muscled and slopes down to a low set tail. The loin and croup appear narrow relative to the size of the dog. The long brisket forms an underline parallel with the ground. The underline rises to a belly with long flanks and a slight to moderate tuck up. When the dog stands relaxed or in an awkward position the back may sag between the shoulders and the croup. This should not be confused with a swayed back which is a serious fault, as is a roached back.

FOREQUARTERS
Shoulders are muscular and well angulated. The upper arm and shoulder are approximately equal in length and form a distinct angle. The straight forearm is longer than the combined length of the shoulder and upper arm. This makes the front pasterns appear short. The strong front pasterns slope slightly when viewed from the side. Front legs are set moderately well apart, elbows close to the sides, allowing for a moderately wide chest. The front legs and feet stand parallel with each other and perpendicular to the ground. Overly long front pasterns, collapsed or weak pasterns, pasterns and feet that turn in or out noticeably when standing and moving, are all considered serious faults.

HINDQUARTERS
Hindquarters are long and powerful, with the musculature and angulation to balance that of the forequarters. The long hind legs contribute to the graceful arch of the loins and to the speed and agility of the breed. Stifles are moderately bent, hocks well defined, and rear pasterns are vertical, and parallel to each other when standing. Cowhocks, under and over angulation are all faults. Hind legs may have single or double dewclaws. Front and rear dewclaws may be removed.

FEET
Strong, large, well arched toes. Nails blunt and either gray, brown or white. Pads thick, hard, elastic and normally dark.

TAIL
Long, reaching to the hocks. Carried low with slight curl when relaxed, never tucked between the legs. While moving, the tail is usually carried up over the back, the height depends on the degree of excitement and confidence. Tails may have a hook at the end, a moderate to tight curl, or a double curl. The tail may be slightly to heavily feathered in proportion to the coat length of the dog. Imported Turkish dogs may have docked tails.

MOVEMENT
The Akbash Dog moves with boldness and confidence, taking long strides. There is an elastic, springy nature to the gait. Feet and legs move along a line central to the body, single tracking at higher speeds. Fluid movement contributes to stamina during sustained exercise. The dogs are also capable of great speed. Sound feet, legs and joints are essential to good movement. Restricted, choppy, or other poor movement such as paddling or crabbing is a fault.

COAT
A double coat is formed by coarse guard hairs and a fine undercoat. Thickness of the undercoat will vary with the climate and exposure of the dog to the weather. Coats are shed seasonally. There are two varieties of coat length; both are equally acceptable.

LONG COAT
The outer coat grows quite long and may vary from straight to slightly wavy. The hair should never be curled or matted. Short smooth hair covers the head, ears, paws, front of the forearms up to the elbow, and on the lower hind legs. Most long haired dogs have a moderate to fairly prominent ruff. The back of the forelegs, thighs, and the entire tail are feathered. Most of the long coat is lost during hot weather.

MEDIUM COAT
The outer coat is medium in length and usually lies flat, giving the dog a sleek, racy appearance. In some specimens the coat is bushier, but still shorter than the long coat. Actual length of guard hair varies between individuals. There may be a light to moderate ruff which is generally larger on males. They may have little to moderate feathering on the legs, thighs and tail.

DISQUALIFICATIONS
Lack of any pigmentation on the nose, eyes and lips.
Defined spotting or marked coloration of outer coat.
Blue eyes.
Severe cowhocks, turned out feet and pasterns or other serious structural defects.
Pronounced overshot or undershot bite.
Swayed or roached back.
Cowardliness.
Inappropriate aggression.
Restricted movement.

Ned. standaard AKBASH Foto

"Akbash" betekent letterlijk "Wit-Kop" zoals "Karabash" "Zwart-Kop" wil zeggen. Deze honden hebben dezelfde functie en bewaken de schapen tegen predatoren. Zowel fysiek als aangaande karakter zijn ze echter toch verschillend.

De Akbash is volledig wit van kleur en ranker gebouwd dan de Kangal.

Niet alle pups zijn geschikt voor een toekomst binnen een gezin. De Akbash is sociaal naar het eigen gezin, maar durft toch moeilijker te zijn naar vreemden. Het is van enorm belang om de pup aan te schaffen bij een verantwoorde fokker. De meeste Akbash zijn nog steeds werkhonden en worden momenteel vooral in Amerika en Canada gefokt.

Oorsprong: Turkije.

Gehouden als: Waak- en gezelschapshond.

Lichaamsbouw:

HOOGTE:
Teef: 68 tot 76 cm.
Reu : 74 tot 81 cm.

GEWICHT:
Teef: 38 tot 50 kg met een gemiddelde van 45 kg.
Reu : 45 tot 65 kg met een gemiddelde van 55 kg.

HOOFD:
Vormt een botte wig over de schedel, de mannetjes hebben meer een massievere kop dan de vrouwtjes.
De neus is breed met brede neusgaten, de kaken zijn krachtig.
De neus, lippen en oogleden zijn donker gepigmenteerd, alhoewel roze vlekken kunnen voorkomen. De neus kan langzaam vervagen tot roze, vooral in de wintermaanden.

OREN:
Hoog aangezet, V-vormig, lichtgerond liggen plat tegen de schedel, geïmporteerde honden hebben soms gecoupeerde oren.

STAART:
Lang, wordt laag gedragen met een lichte krul als ontspannen, omhoog in een krul tot op de rug bij beweging of oplettendheid en soms zelfs een dubbele krul.
Kan licht of zwaar behaard zijn, dat ligt aan de lengte van de vacht.

VACHT:
Een dubbele vacht, die door een rechte ruwe toplaag en een dunne onderlaag wordt gevormd.
De dikte van de onderlaag zal met klimaat en seizoen variëren.
De lengte van de vacht kan van lang met pluimvormige structuur aan voor of achterpoten, dijen en volledige staart, tot medium vacht die normaalgesproken plat ligt met lichte pluimvorming.
De beharing op hoofd en oren is kort en glad ongeacht de lengte van de vacht.

KLEUR:
Geheel wit, kan beige kleur hebben aan oren of ruglijn.
Huid is gepigmenteerd in gevlekt patroon.
Neus, lippen en oogranden kunnen zwart, bruin, donker of gevlekt met roze zijn.

VERZORGING:
De honden moeten geborsteld worden in de tijden dat ze de vacht verliezen, voor de rest vereist de vacht zeer weinig verzorging.

Background
The American Bulldog originated as a catchdog (mostly cattle) and property protection dog, in America's Southeast. He was not bred to put on threat displays or to look a certain way. But, he did need the right equipment to take care of his real bulldog duties which were confrontational personal and property protection and as a catch dog. He needed to be strong enough to put unruly bulls on the ground and athletic enough to catch hogs that were allowed to free range in a semiwild state.

General Appearance
The American Bulldog should generate the impression of great strength, agility, endurance and exhibit a wellknit, sturdy, compact frame with the absence of excessive bulk. Males are characteristically larger, heavier boned and more masculine than the bitches. The AS is a white or white and patched (brindle or red) dog. When patched he can range from the traditional pied markings of a patch over one or both eyes or ears, or a patch on the base of the tail, to a large saddle patch and various other patches.

Size General
Males 23 to 27 inches at the withers and weigh from 75 to 120 Ibs.

Head
Medium in length and broad across skull with pronounced muscular cheeks.

Eyes
Medium in size. Any color. The hew should not be visible. Black eye rims preferred on white dogs. Pink eye rims to be considered a cosmetic fault.

Muzzle
Medium length (2 to 4 in.), square and broad with a strong underjaw. Lips should be full but not pendulous. 42 To 44 teeth.

Nose
Color is black or grizzle. On black nosed dogs the lips should be black with some pink allowed. A pink nose to be considered a cosmetic fault.

Neck
Muscular, medium in length, slightly arched, tapering from shoulders to head, with a slight dewlap allowed.

Shoulders
Very muscular with wide sloping blades, shoulders set so elbows are not angled out.

Chest, Back and Loin
The chest should be deep and moderately wide without being excessively wide as to throw the shoulders out. The back should be of medium length, strong and broad. Loins should be slightly tucked which corresponds to a slight roach in the back which slopes to the stern. Faults: sway back, narrow or shallow chest, lack of tuck up.

Hindquarters
Very broad and well muscled and in proportion to the shoulders. Narrow hips are a very serious fault.

Legs
Strong and straight with heavy bone. Front legs should not set too close together or too far apart.

Faults: in at the elbows or excessively bowlegged. Rear legs should have a visible angulation of the stifle joint.

Feet
Moderate size, toes of medium length, well arched and close together, not splayed.

Tail
Set low, thick at the root, tapering to a point. Tail should not curl over back. Docked or uncocked.

Color
All white, pied, or up to 75% brindle or red patches (red is defined as any shade of tan, brown or red).

Disposition
Alert, outgoing and friendly with a selfassured attitude. Some aloofness with strangers and assertiveness toward other dogs is not considered a fault.

Disqualifications
Dogs that are deaf or males without two testicles clearly descended.

A cosmetic fault is one of a minor nature. A fault not specified as cosmetic has to do with structure as it relates to a working dog. In a show or other evaluation, the dog is to be penalized in direct proportion to the degree of the fault. Any fault which is extreme should be considered a serious fault and should be penalized appropriately.

We have not included a line drawing of a Scotttype or Johnsontype standard dog because they could not take into account the variations acceptable within the realm of the working American Bulldog. The emphasis placed on specific types in other breed standards has led to the general disintegration of the breed concerned by eliminating individuals who might have contributed significantly to respective gene pool.

Attributes other than cosmetic listed in the standard all relate to working qualities which include but are not limited to agility, endurance, leverage, biting power and heat tolerance.

Note
The distinctions made between the Scotttype and the Johnsontype depict an ideal representative of their respective types for show purposes only.

Many would disagree with the term "pure Scott" or "pure Johnson", but the names of these two breeders have become synonymous with the respective types, so we are using their names with type to designate separate classifications.

In actuality, many American Bulldogs are hybrids between the Scott and Johnson type. The distinctions between the two types were made to allow separate shows for Scotttypes and Johnsontypes. Generally the Johnsontype distinction allows for a slightly larger dog and requires a slightly (1/8 to 1/4 inch undershot lower jaw, but this distinction mandates separate shows for the two types.

Toen de Amerikaanse Bulldog halverwege vorige eeuw "gered" werd door een aantal fokkers, bleek dat er verschillende typen Amerikaanse bulldoggen waren ontstaan. Dit was niet geheel vreemd, omdat deze fokkers elk een hond hadden gefokt naar hun eigen inzicht van hoe de Amerikaanse Bulldog er uit moest zien. Ze hadden een werkdoel voor ogen en daar zijn ze naar toe gaan fokken, wel gebruik makend van de zelfde oorspronkelijk in Amerika voorkomende bulldoggen. Op den duur zijn er twee typen hier van overgebleven.

De Bulldog van de heer J.D. Johnson en de Bulldog van de heer Scott. De heer Johnson had een type gefokt, dat groot en grof gebouwd was. Erg geschikt als waakhond en jager op groot wild (zwijnen e.d.).

De Bulldog van de heer Scott was van een slanker type en ietwat minder grof. Deze hond was voor de zelfde werkdoelen geschikt, maar er was meer gefokt in de richting van snelheid en uithoudingsvermogen.
Er zijn dan ook twee rasstandaarden opgesteld:

Het Johnson type (of Classic type)

Algehele verschijning:
De Amerikaanse Bulldog is een hele sterke atletische zwaargewicht in de categorie middelgrote/grote honden. In beweging geeft hij de indruk van snelheid en kracht. Hij is alert, stoer en kent geen angst, echter zonder agressief te zijn.
De eerste indruk moet die van een hele grote atletische Bulldog zijn, en niet die van een oversized terriër.

De kop:
De kop is een beetje een blok.
De schedel is groot en vierkant, bovenop plat en bedekt met sterke spieren.
Er is een duidelijke rimpel tussen de ogen.
De schedel en de snuit worden gescheiden door een diepe abrupte stop.
De snuit is ook geblokt/vierkant en breed, en moet er zeer sterk uitzien.
De snuit is ongeveer 25 tot 30 procent van de totale koplengte.
Hij heeft een niet te grote onderbijt (rond de drie/vier mm).
De tanden zijn groot en sterk.
De ogen (bruin van kleur) zijn rond en staan wijd.
Flaporen hebben de voorkeur.
De neus is zwart.

Het lichaam:
Het lichaam is robuust en sterk. Een Amerikaanse Bulldog is grof en breed.
De borst is diep en breed met goed gewelfde ribben.
De rug is niet te lang, heel sterk, loopt naar achteren toe iets op en geeft veerkracht en power aan de achterhand.
De buik wordt ligt ingehouden.
De nek moet in verhouding zijn tot het lichaam. De nek is de plaats, waar de kracht van de hond is geconcentreerd. Hij is lang genoeg om als hefboom te werken (maar niet te lang), en bespierd genoeg om zijn werk te kunnen doen.
De schouders zijn breed en zwaar bespierd.

De poten:
De voor en achterpoten moet je samen bekijken omdat ze als geheel in balans moeten zijn.
De achterhand is zwaar bespierd maar niet zo breed als de schouders.
De achterpoten moeten parallel lopen en juist gehoekt zijn.
De voorpoten zijn recht en (zwaar) bespierd.

De staart:
De staart is lang genoeg om de hakken te bereiken (of ietwat langer).
De staart is bij de aanplant dik en loopt iets dunner uit naar de punt.
De staart, als verlengde van de hond gezien moet sterk zijn.
De staart eindigt in een halve cirkel. Soms (bij bijv. opwinding) wordt de staart boven de rug gedragen.

De afmetingen van de Amerikaanse Bulldog:
De Amerikaanse Bulldog is gefokt om te werken en niet voor de showring. Hierdoor is er een grote afmetingenrange onder de Amerikaanse Bulldoggen.
Je hebt reuen van 56 tot 69 cm schofthoogte.
Teven zijn kleiner, van ongeveer 43 tot 66 cm schofthoogte.
Het gewicht van reuen varieert tussen 35 en 59 kg, dat van teven tussen 30 en 55 kg.
Gewicht en grootte moeten in overeenstemming zijn.
De Amerikaanse Bulldog is een werkhond en gewicht of grootte zijn niet een criterium voor kwaliteit. Een in topconditie verkerende niet al te grote hond is beter dan een uitgezakte zware gigant, maar daar tegenover staat, dat een (te kleine) terriërachtige hond niet rastypisch is. Als alle onderdelen van de hond in verhouding zijn krijgt de grotere hond de voorkeur.

De kleur:
De voorkeurskleur is ten minste 50% wit met grote vlekken.
Een hele witte hond is ook goed, maar dan moet je uitkijken dat hij niet doof is (bij hele witte honden is de kans op doofheid groter).
De kleuren van de vlekken zijn: elke variant van gestroomd, en elke variant van bruin zoals tan, rood, geel, fawn etc.

De vacht:
De vacht is kort, hard en glanzend. De vacht is de spiegel van de gezondheid van de hond en moet schoon en helder zijn.

Fouten:

De kop
Een slappe uitstraling van de kop, te klein of te spitse snuit, zichtbare ondertanden als de bek gesloten is (te grote onderbijt).
2 ogen in een verschillende tint (bijv. donker en licht).

Het lichaam
Een zwakke uitstraling gevend lichaam, een slingerende achterkant, minder dan twee goed ingedaalde testikels.

De Amerikaanse Bulldog is een echte werkhond, dus elke overdrevenheid die de effectiviteit van de hond in vermindering brengt, is een serieuze fout.

De poten
Slappe poten, koehakkig, naar binnen of naar buiten wijzende voorvoeten, naar buiten stekende ellebogen, te veel hoeking van de achterpoten zoals bij de Duitse herder.

De afmetingen van de Amerikaanse Bulldog
Reuen onder 35 kg, teven onder 32 kg, terriërachtige honden.

De kleur
Geheel zwart, zwart en tan, zwart en lever, merle, fawn met een zwart masker.

Het Scott type (of standaard type)

Het grote verschil tussen het Johnson-type en het Scott-type is, dat het Scott type iets smaller en atletischer is. Dit type is ook meer geschikt (gemiddeld genomen) voor bijv. de jacht op groter wild, waarbij kilometers afgelegd moeten worden, gewoon omdat ze atletischer zijn.
Bij het Scott-type komt een echte onderbeet ook niet voor, de onderkaak moet net voor de bovenkaak staan (een omgekeerd schaargebit). Schaar- en tanggebit moeten worden gezien als een cosmetische fout.
Reuen hebben een schofthoogte van 58 tot 68 cm bij een gewicht van 34 tot 50 kg.
Teven hebben een schofthoogte van 53 tot 63 cm bij een gewicht van 27 tot 38 kg.
Als je op het net gaat zoeken en je komt bij sites van Amerikaanse fokkers/eigenaren uit (van het Scott-type), zie je dat deze honden soms ook echter richting het terriër type gaan.

Omdat het een echte werkhond is, is een kleine afwijking van bovengenoemde (zolang de werkcapaciteiten niet verminderd worden) uiteraard niet erg.

The Boerboel is a big, strong and intelligent working dog, which was bred here in south Africa since the seventeenth century. Various mastiff types dogs from Europe as well as big dogs from Africa contributed to the development of the breed. The Boerboel is well balanced, with good muscle development and swift in movement. The dog should be impressive, and imposing. Male dogs appear noticeably masculine and bitches feminine.

The Boerboel is a perfectly balanced dog - all parts of the body should be in proportion.

The Boerboel is reliable, obedient and intelligent, with a strong watchdog instinct. It is self-assured and fearless, but perspective to the needs of the family.

The head is the most important feature of the Boerboel, as it represents its total character. The head is short, broad, deep, square and muscular with well-filled cheeks. The part between the eyes must be well filled.

Top-line of the head/occiput
The top of the head is broad and flat, with prominent muscle development.

Face
The face should blend symmetrically with the head, and can be with or without black.

Nasal bone
The nasal bone is straight and parallel to the top-line of the head. It is deep, broad and it tapers slightly to the front. The nasal bone should be 8-10cm long.

Lips
The upper lip is loose and fleshly, and should not hang lower than the lower jaw. The upper lip (beneath the muzzle) should cover the lower lip.

Jaws
The jaws (mandibles) are strong, deep and broad, and narrows slightly to the front.

Teeth
Teeth should be white, well developed, correctly spaced; a complete set (42 teeth), and should have a scissors bite.

Eyes
The color of the eyes can be any shade of brown, but darker than the pelt. Eyes should be horizontally set. It should be broad-spaced with firm, well-pigmented eyelids.

Ears
The ears should be of medium size, v-shaped and should be in proportion to the head. They are set fairly high and wide against the head. When the dog is interested, the ears should form a straight line with the top of the head.

Back
The back is straight, broad and in proportion, with prominent back muscles and a short loin.

Chest
The chest is muscular and strong. The chest should be broad and deeply set between the forelegs, with well-attached and curved ribs. The rib cage should be in proportion to the chest.

The tail is attached high to the body. It should be straight and preferably short (three joints). Long tails are acceptable.

Forequarter
The forequarter is strong, muscular and in proportion to the rest of the dog.

Shoulder/withers
The withers should be well attached, correctly angled and with good muscle development.

Upper arm
The upper arm should have good muscle development. Front legs the front legs should be thick, strong, and muscular and should stand perfectly vertical.

Front pasterns
The front pasterns are short, strong and a vertical extension of the front legs and pastern joints.

Front paws
The front paws are big well padded and rounded and with strong dark and curved toenails. The paws should point straight forward.

Hindquarter
The hindquarter should be strong, firm and in proportion to the rest of the dog, with the ability for effective propulsion.

Second thigh/gaskin
The second thighs should be well developed with prominent muscles.

Hocks
The hocks are relatively short, strong and thick. The hocks are parallel. (dew claws should not be present).

Hind paws
The hind paws are slight smaller than the front paws. They should be well padded, rounded and should point straightforward. The nails are strong dark and curved.

Movement should be easy, smoothly powerful, by means of good propulsion of the hindquarter and parallel movement of the legs. In movement, a straight top-line should be maintained.

Pelt/hair
The pelt is short, sleek and dense. Recognized colors are cream white, pale tawny, reddish brown, brown and all shades of brindle.

Pigmentation
The Boerboel is well pigmented, especially on the lips, paws, toenails and genitals.

A dog which is too small. A dog which is too big. An overly aggressive dog. A head which is too small and nondescript. A liver colored muzzle. An under bite of more than 1cm. A noticeable over bite. A narrow mouth. A long mouth. A sharp mouth. Blue eyes. Erect ears. A narrow chest. Bandy legs. A hollow back. Cows hocks. Sickle hocks. Straight hocks. Clumsy and unbalanced movement. A piebald dog without sufficient pigmentation. Any sign of another dog breed. A piebald dog without any of the five acceptable colors around both eyes and on both ears.

• een bonte hond met onvoldoende pigment en/of zonder een van de 5 erkende kleuren rond beide ogen en oren.

HISTORY
The Kangal Dog is an ancient flock-guarding breed, thought to be related to the early mastiff-type dogs depicted in Assyrian art. The breed is named for the Kangal District of Sivas Province in central Turkey where it probably originated. Although the breed has long been associated with the family of the Aga of Kangal, large landholders and chieftains, the majority are bred by villagers who take great pride in the dogs' ability to guard their flocks of sheep and goats from such traditional predators as the wolf, bear, and jackal. The relative isolation of the Sivas-Kangal region has kept the Kangal Dog free of cross-breeding and has resulted in a natural breed of remarkable uniformity in appearance, disposition, and behavior. Despite its regional origin, many Turks consider the Kangal Dog as their national dog. Turkish government and academic institutions operate breeding kennels where Kangal Dogs are bred and pedigrees are carefully maintained. The Kangal Dog has even appeared on a Turkish postage stamp.

The Kangal Dog was first reported in European and North American canine literature by David and Judith Nelson, Americans who studied the dogs while resident in Turkey. The Nelsons imported their first Kangal Dog to the United States in 1985. This dog, and subsequent imports, provided the foundation for the Kangal Dog in the United States.

GENERAL APPEARANCE
The Kangal Dog is a large, powerful, heavy-boned dog, whose size and proportions have developed naturally as a result of its continued use in Turkey as a guardian against predators. The head is large and moderately wide with drop ears. A properly proportioned Kangal Dog is slightly longer (measured from prosternum to point of buttocks) than tall (measured from the withers to the ground), and length of the front leg (measured from point of elbow to the ground) should equal slightly more than one-half of the dog's height. The tail, which is typically curled, completes the distinctive silhouette. The Kangal Dog has a double coat that is moderately short and quite dense. The Kangal Dog has a black mask and black velvety ears which contrast with a whole body color which may range from light dun to gray. Honorable scars or other evidences of injury resulting from working in the field are not to be penalized.

CHARACTERISTICS
The typical Kangal Dog is first and foremost a stock guardian dog and possesses a temperament typical of such dogs - alert, territorial, and defensive of the domestic animals or the human family to which it has bonded. The Kangal Dog has the strength the speed, and the courage to intercept and confront threats to the flocks of sheep and goats that it guards in both Turkey and the New World. Kangal Dogs prefer to intimidate predators but will take a physical stand and even attack if necessary. Kangal Dogs have an instinctive wariness of strange dogs but are not typically belligerent toward people. They are somewhat reserved with strangers, but loyal and affectionate with family.

HEAD
The head is large but in proportion to the size of the dog without appearing heavy or coarse. The female's head is somewhat more refined than the male's head.

Viewed from above, the broad skull tapers very slightly towards the place where the muzzle joins it and then tapers slightly from the base of the muzzle toward the nose. When viewed from the side, the length of the muzzle, measured from the stop to the end of the nose, is slightly shorter than the length of the skull, measured from the occiput to the stop, in an approximate ratio of 2:3.

Skull - The skull is broad between the ears and slightly domed. The ratio of skull width in relation to total head length is approximately 3:5. There is a slight central furrow which runs from the middle of the skull through the stop and gradually broadens into the wide base of the muzzle. The cheeks are moderately well developed. The stop is well-defined, but not abrupt.
Faults: Skull too flat; skull too narrow.

Muzzle - The muzzle is deep and moderately blunt due, in part, to the development of the upper lips which are somewhat padded, especially in mature males. When viewed from the side, the jaws are of equal length. The muzzle is blockier and stronger in the male. The lips are fairly tight and always black.
Faults: Snipey muzzle; over developed flews.

Teeth - The Kangal Dog has a complete set of large, evenly spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors or level bite. Broken teeth resulting from field work are not to be penalized.
Serious Faults: Overshot or undershot bite; more than two teeth missing; wry mouth.

Nose - The nose is large and solid black.
Disqualification: A liver or chocolate-colored nose.

Eyes - The eyes are medium sized, somewhat round, set well apart and show no haw. Eye color ranges from deep brown to amber. Eye rims are black.
Serious Faults: Pale yellow eyes; lack of solid black pigment on the eye rims; loose eye rims.

Ears - The ears are pendant, medium sized, triangular in shape, and rounded at the tips. The ears are set even with the outside corners of the skull. When alert, the ears may be carried slightly higher. The front edge of the ear is carried close to the cheek and, when pulled forward, the ears should amply cover the dog's eyes. In puppies the ears may appear disproportionately large.

In Turkey the majority of Kangal Dogs have their ears cropped as puppies. Cropped ears on a dog imported from Turkey should not be penalized, but cropped ears on a domestic-bred dog are a disqualification.
Faults: Any ear carriage other than pendant; ears set too high or too low; ears too large or too small.
Disqualification: Cropped ears on a domestic-bred dog.

NECK
The neck is powerful and muscular, moderate in length, slightly arched, and rather thick. Some dewlap is present.
Faults: short, heavy neck; overly long neck; exaggerated dewlap.

FOREQUARTERS
The shoulders are well-muscled and moderately angulated. The forelegs are long, well-boned, and set well apart, with strong, slightly sloping pasterns. The elbows move freely and close to the sides. The front quarters are slightly heavier in proportion to the hindquarters.
Faults: Loose shoulders or elbows in mature dogs; bowed front legs; feet that turn in or out; chest too wide or too narrow.

BODY
The body is powerful and muscular. The line of the back inclines very slightly downward from the withers, levels, and then rises with a slight arch over the short, muscular loin, which blends into a moderately short and slightly sloping croup. The ribs are well-sprung. The moderately wide chest is deep with the brisket extending down to the elbow. Tuck up is moderate. The Kangal Dog is a working dog and should always be presented in well-muscled condition.
Faults:Narrow or poorly muscled chest; narrow rib cage; barrel chest; long back or long loin; steep croup; overweight or lack of muscle.

HINDQUARTERS
The hindquarters are powerful and well-muscled, although somewhat less substantial than the forequarters. The rear legs are well-boned and moderately angulated at the stifle joint and the hock joints. The hind legs are parallel when viewed from the rear. The rear pasterns are moderate in length and slope slightly forward from the hock joint when the dog is standing in a natural position.
Faults: Poorly muscled thighs; insufficient or over-angulation angulation at stifle or hock joints; rear feet turning in or out.

FEET
The feet are large with the front feet somewhat larger than the rear feet. They are either rounded or oval in shape, with well-cushioned pads and toes that may be webbed. Nails, which may be black, white, or mixed, should be kept blunt. Rear dew claws may be absent, present, single or double. Dew claws may be removed.
Faults: Splayed feet.

TAIL
The tail, which is set at the end of the croup is uncut, thick at the base, tapering to the tip. The hair is slightly fuller on the tail than on the body. When the dog is in repose, the rather long tail reaches at least to the hock. When the dog is alert, the tail is carried in a curl over the back. The curl may be tight or loose, but when the tail is curled tightly, the tip of the tail may fall off to one side of the back.
Faults: Extensive tail feathering or plumed tail; tail too short or too long; tail carried off center (to the side of one hip) when curled; kinked tail.

COAT
The Kangal Dog coat is a short double coat, neither wavy nor fluffy. In cold weather, the coat is very dense, nearly uniform in length. In warm weather, much of the undercoat is shed, leaving a short, flatter outer coat. The outer coat is harsh and the undercoat is very soft, dense, and sometimes grey in color. The hair on the neck, shoulders, and tail is only slightly longer than the hair on the body. The hair on the tail is never plumed or feathered. Most Kangal Dogs have a strip of flatter hair along the topline. The hair on the face, head and ears is quite short.
Faults: Feathering anywhere on the body or on the legs or tail; lack of undercoat; medium, long, or shaggy coats.

COLOR
Color is an important characteristic of the Kangal Dog. In Turkey, non-standard colors or patterns are indicators that the dog is not a purebred Kangal Dog. The true Kangal Dog color is always solid and ranges from a light dun or pale, dull gold to a steel gray, depending on the amount of black or gray in the outer guard hairs and in the soft, cashmere-like undercoat. This basic color is set off by a black mask which may completely cover the muzzle and even extend over the top of the head. The ears are always black. White is only permitted on the feet, chest, and chin. The white on the feet may extend half way up the forearm. The white on the chest may range from a small spot to a blaze which may extend in a narrow stripe under the chest. Such blazes are frequently outlined with dark hair. Only a small white spot is allowed on the chin. The tip of the tail is usually black and a black spot in the middle of the tail is often present.
Disqualifications: Solid black, white, or chocolate colored dogs; dogs with piebald, brindle, or other parti-colored patterns; white markings on the face other than the small white spot on the chin.
Faults: Poorly defined black mask.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
Desirable height at maturity (minimum, two years), measured at the withers ranges from 30 to 32 inches for males and 28-30 inches for females. A male Kangal Dog in good condition should weigh between 110 and 145 pounds. A female should weigh between 90 and 120 pounds. Height and weight in both sexes may exceed the foregoing and should not be penalized as long as overall balance is maintained.
Fault: Obese, soft condition.

GAIT
The Kangal Dog's movement reflects the breed's combination of strength and agility. Its natural gait is relaxed and efficient with strides of moderate length. The back remains level, and the front and rear legs on each side move in a parallel fashion. As speed increases, however, the width between the legs decreases and the tendency to single track increases. Pacing at a slow gait is acceptable.

DISQUALIFICATIONS
Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid. Viciousness, marked shyness, or cowardliness. Piebald, brindle, or parti-colored coat patterns. White, black, chocolate or liver whole body color. Liver or chocolate colored nose. Cropped ears on a domestic-bred dog.

Sommigen zullen beweren dat een Kangal identiek is aan een Anatolische Herder. FCI volgt deze filosofie tot op heden. Het grootste deel van de rasstandaard van de Anatolische Herder is dan ook gebaseerd op deze van de Karabash in Engeland. In Turkije is de naam "Anatolische Herder" niet gekend of onbestaand. Deze naam is een creatie in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Er wordt er wel gesproken over "çoban köpigi" wat staat voor hond van de herder.

De Kangal is de het meest populaire ras binnen Turkije en is de nationale trots van het land. Reeds twee maal prijkte zijn afbeelding op een Turkse postzegel.

Voluit worden ze wel eens de naam "Sivas Kangal Köpegi" genoemd. Hier ziet u al duidelijk in de naam van welke regio in Turkije de honden hun origine hebben. Sivas is een provincie die centraal gelegen is in Turkije. Kangal is de naam van een klein stadje in deze provincie. Jaarlijks gaat het Kangalfestival door nabij het Kangal fokstation van Kangal. Het stadje Kangal ligt op ongeveer 70 km van de provincie hoofdstad Sivas.

Het is wel zo, dat we minder en minder werkende Kangals vinden in deze regio. Hun oorspronkelijke taak valt meer en meer weg. De schapenteelt wordt meer en meer verdrongen door veeteelt en akkerbouw. Vroeger was de grond voor deze zaken veel te arm, betere irrigatie en bemesting maakt dat het nu wel mogelijk is om over te schakelen naar deze teelten.

De Kangalshow wordt jaarlijks georganiseerd voor de Kangals van de lokale bevolking. Er wordt wel onderscheid gemaakt tussen werkende honden en honden die eerder erfbewakers zijn, al is het best moeilijk om dit echt te kunnen volgen. Vermoedelijk is dit eerder een indeling op papier dan in realiteit.

Toch zijn er duidelijk verschillende type honden te zien. Sommige honden zijn zeer zwaar, log en groot, ander zijn veel ranker en kleiner.

Algemeen voorkomen:
Het is een crème- tot zandkleurige hond met een dichte stokharige vacht welke groot en krachtig gebouwd is. Deze krachtig snelle hond is wat lengte en hoogte betreft in verhouding gebouwd (10-9). Zeer typisch zijn de brede massieve kop met een zwart masker en de, bij alertheid, in krul over de rug gedragen staart.
Deze zeer atletische hond beweegt soepel en licht en kan enorme snelheden ontwikkelen. Het mastiff-achtige mag niet overgeaccentueerd worden. Hij mag zeker geen plompe indruk geven, maar toch voldoende zware beenderen hebben. Het verschil tussen een teef en een reu is duidelijk te zien. Lange haren en/of bevedering aan de poten en oren zijn uit den boze.
Volgens de FCI zijn alle kleuren toegelaten en mag een "Anatolische herder" zelfs volledig wit of gevlekt zijn. Zij aanvaardt ook zowel kort als langharige honden. Buiten vachtkleur en -type is de standaard behoorlijk gelijklopend met deze van de "Kangal".

Hoofd en oren:
Grote brede schedel, welke licht gewelfd is en met een bescheiden stop. Volwassen reuen hebben een bredere kop dan teven. De afstand van de neuspunt tot stop is korter dan de afstand van stop tot achterhoofdsknobbel. De zwarte lippen hangen lichtjes, maar komen niet onder de onderkaak (zoals dit wel het gev

Overall-proportion	10
Temperament	10
Total of Head	20
Size & Shape	10
Muzzle	5
Teeth	5
Total	20
Neck	5
Shoulders	5
Chest	10
Back	10
Hindquarters	10
Legs	10
Feet	5
Tail & Coat	5
Total	60
Grand Total	100