FCI Standard 341

FCI-Standard N° 341 / 06. 06. 2007 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

BRAZILIAN TERRIER (Terrier Brasileiro) Foto

TRANSLATION : Ursula Santos, Prof. W. Brass, Prof. R. Triquet and Dr. J.‑M. Paschoud.

ORIGIN : Brazil.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 21.05.2007.

UTILIZATION : Hunting dog for small game, guard dog and companion.

FCI‑CLASSIFICATION : Group 3 Terriers.

Section 1 Large and medium‑sized Terriers.

Without working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The ancestors of the Brazilian Terrier do not originate from Brazil. In the last century and in the beginning of the present, many young Brazilians studied in the European universities, especially in France and England. These young people often returned married and their wives brought with them a small Terrier type dog. The young Brazilians and their families went back to the farms they had left. The little dog adapted to farm life and crossed with local dogs and bitches. Thus, a new model was shaped and the phenotype was fixed within a few generations.

With the development of big cities, the farmers, with their families and employees were attracted by the great urban centres. In this way the little dog suffered another change in his surroundings.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium‑sized dog, slender, well balanced, with firm but not too heavy structure, body of square appearance with clean curved lines that distinguish him from the smooth Fox Terrier with square lines.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Restless, alert, active and keen; friendly and gentle to friends.

HEAD

Viewed from the top, the head is triangular in shape, broad at its base, with ears well apart, narrowing notably from the eyes to the nose tip. Viewed in profile, the upper line rises slightly from the tip of the nose to the stop, sharply between the eyes and continues to the occipital bone with a slight convexity.

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Rounded with moderately flat forehead. Its side lines, seen from the top, converge to the eyes. The distance from the external eye‑corner to the attachment of the ears is equal to the distance between the two external eye‑corners. Mediofrontal groove well developed.

Stop : Pronounced.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : Moderately developed, dark coloured with wide nostrils.

Muzzle : Viewed from the top, it describes an equilateral triangle from both external eye‑corners to the tip of the nose; strong and well chiselled under the eyes with a sloping root of muzzle, accentuating the stop.

Lips : Dry, tight, the upper lip just over the lower, covering the teeth, allowing to close the mouth completely.

Cheek : Dry, well developed.

Teeth : 42 teeth, regularly set and well developed, scissors bite.

Eyes : Set halfway from the occipital protuberance to the nose tip, well apart, the distance between the two external eye‑corners being equal to the distance from the external eye‑corner to the nose tip. Looking straight forward, moderately prominent, large with slightly accentuated eyebrows. Roundish, well opened, alive, with a keen expression; as dark as possible. The blue variety has bluish gray, the brown variety brown, green or blue eyes.

Ears : Set on laterally, in line with the eyes, well apart from each other and leaving good space for the skull. Triangular shaped with pointed tips; carried half‑pricked, with the folded tip falling down and pointing to the external eye‑corner. Ears are not cropped.

NECK : Of moderate length, well balanced in relation with the head, harmoniously set to head and trunk. Clean, dry; upper line slightly curved.

BODY : Well balanced, not too heavy, square appearance with clean curved lines.

Withers : Well pronounced and harmoniously connected to the front legs.

Topline : Firm and straight, going slightly downwards from the withers to the croup.

Back : Relatively short and well muscled.

Loin : Short and firm, harmoniously connected to the croup.

Croup : Slightly sloping, low set tail. Well developed and muscled.

Forechest : Not very pronounced, moderately broad, allowing free movement of the forelegs.

Chest : Long, deep, reaching to the level of the elbows. Sternum long with well arched oval ribs; being horizontal, the sternum is moderately curved.

Underline and belly : Slightly curved, rising to the rear but no whippet‑like tuck up.

TAIL : In the country of origin customarily docked but it can be naturally short or long; in the latter case, it does not reach below the hock. Low set, short, docked at the joint between the second and the third caudal vertebra.

Natural tail : Short, not reaching to hocks, low set, of good strength, carried gaily, not curled over the back.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : Viewed from the front straight, moderately apart, but in line with the hind legs, which are also straight, but more apart.

Shoulders : Long, bent in a 110° to 120 ° angle.

Upper arms : Approximately the same length as the shoulder‑blade.

Elbows : Set tightly to the body, at the same level as the chest underline.

Forerarms : Straight, thin and dry.

Carpal joints (Carpi, wrists) : Open angle.

Pasterns : Straight, thin.

Forefeet : Tight, neither turned in nor out; hare feet; the two median toes are longer.

HINDQUARTERS : Strongly muscled, well developed thighs, legs in proportion to the thighs. High set hocks with obtuse angle.

Upper thighs : Well developed and muscled.

Stifles : Obtuse angulation.

Lower thighs : In proportion to the size of the upper thighs.

Hocks : High, obtuse angulation.

Metatarsi (Rear pasterns) : Straight.

Hind feet : Tight, longer than the forefeet.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Elegant, free, short and quick movement.

SKIN : Well applied, not loose. Dry.

COAT

HAIR : Short‑haired, smooth, fine but not soft, laid close to the skin, in the type of rat's hair. One cannot see the skin through it. Finer on the head, ears, under the neck, on inner and lower parts of forequarters and backside of the thighs.

COLOUR : Ground colour predominant white with black, brown or blue markings; the following typical and characteristic markings must always be present: tan markings above the eyes, on both sides of the muzzle and inside and on edge of ears. These tan markings may extend to other body regions bordering markings. The head must always present black, brown or blue markings in the frontal region and ears; there may be a white blaze and white marks preferably on the frontal groove and lateral parts of the muzzle, distributed as harmoniously as possible.

SIZE AND WEIGHT :

Height at the withers : males from 35 to 40 cm;

bitches from 33 to 38 cm.

Weight : Maximum 10 kg.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Lack in structure.

· Legs not upright.

· Long or atypical hair.

· Faults in the typical characteristic markings.

· Fully erect ear.

· Too heavy or too loose shoulders.

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS :

· Viciousness or shyness.

· Croup not slightly sloping.

· Overshot or undershot bite.

· Lack of harmony, atypical build.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 1 Sheepdogs and Cattle dogs (except Swiss Cattle dogs).

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : While there are many theories as to the origin of the Australian Shepherd, the breed as we know it today developed exclusively in the United States. The Australian Shepherd was given its name because of the association with Basque Sheepherders who came to the United States from Australia in the 1800's.

The Australian Shepherd's popularity rose steadily with the boom of western horseback riding after World War II, which became known to the general public via rodeos, horse shows, movies, and television shows. Their inherent versatile and trainable personality made them assets to American farms and ranches. The American stockman continued the development of the breed, maintaining its versatility, keen intelligence, strong herding instincts, and eye-catching appearance that originally won their admiration.

Although each individual is unique in colour and markings, all Australian Shepherds show an unsurpassed devotion to their families. Their many attributes have guaranteed the Australian Shepherd's continued popularity.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The Australian Shepherd is well balanced, slightly longer than tall, of medium size and bone, with colouring that offers variety and individuality. He is attentive and animated, lithe and agile, solid and muscular without cloddiness. He has a coat of moderate length and coarseness. He has a docked or natural bobbed tail.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Measuring form the breastbone to rear of thigh and from top of the withers to the ground the Australian Shepherd is slightly longer than tall.

Substance: Solidly built with moderate bone. Structure in the male reflects masculinity without coarseness. Bitches appear feminine without being slight of bone.

BEHAVIOUR AND TEMPERAMENT : The Australian Shepherd is an intelligent working dog of strong herding and guarding instincts. He is a loyal companion and has the stamina to work all day. With an even disposition, he is good natured, seldom quarrelsome. He may be somewhat reserved in initial meetings. Any display of shyness, fear or aggression is to be severely penalized.

HEAD : The head is clean cut, strong and dry. Overall size should be in proportion to the body.

Skull : Top flat to slightly domed. It may show a slight occipital protuberance. Length and width are equal.

Nose : Blue merles and blacks have black pigmentation on the nose (and lips). Red merles and reds have liver (brown) pigmentation on the nose (and lips). On the merles it is permissible to have small pink spots; however, they should not exceed 25% of the nose on dogs over one year of age, which is a serious fault.

Muzzle : Equal in length or slightly shorter than the back skull. Viewed from the side the topline of the back skull and muzzle form parallel planes, divided by a moderate, well-defined stop. The muzzle tapers little from base to nose and is rounded at the tip.

Jaw/Teeth : A full complement of strong white teeth should meet in a scissors bite or may meet in a level bite.

Eyes : Brown, blue, amber or any variation or combination thereof, including flecks and marbling. Almond shaped, not protruding nor sunken. The blue merles and blacks have black pigmentation on eye rims. The red merles and reds have liver (brown) pigmentation on eye rims. Expression: Showing attentiveness and intelligence, alert and eager. Gaze should be keen but friendly.

Ears : Triangular, of moderate size and leather, set high on the head. At full attention they break forward and over, or to the side as a rose ear. Prick ears and hanging ears are severe faults.

NECK : Strong, of moderate length, slightly arched at the crest, fitting well into the shoulders.

TAIL : Straight, naturally long or naturally short. When docked (in countries where this practice is not forbidden), or naturally short, not to exceed 10 cm.

Shoulders : Shoulder-blades long, flat, fairly close set at the withers and well laid back. The upper arm, which should be relatively the same length as the shoulder-blade, attaches at an approximate right angle to the shoulder line with forelegs dropping straight, perpendicular to the ground.

Pastern : Medium length and very slightly sloping. Front dewclaws may be removed.

Feet : Oval, compact, with close-knit, well-arched toes. Pads thick and resilient.

General appearance : The width of the hindquarters is equal to the width of the forequarters at the shoulders.

The angulation of the pelvis and upper thigh corresponds to the angulation of the shoulder-blade and upper arm, forming an approximate right angle.

Hocks : Short, perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other when viewed from the rear. Rear dewclaws must be removed.

Feet : Oval, compact with close-knit, well-arched toes. Pads thick and resilient.

GAIT : The Australian Shepherd has a smooth, free and easy gait. He exhibits great agility of movement with a well-balanced, ground covering stride. Fore-and hind legs move straight and parallel with the centre line of the body. As speed increases, the feet (front and rear) converge toward the centre line of gravity of the dog while the back remains firm and level. The Australian Shepherd must be agile and able to change direction or alter gait instantly.

HAIR : Of medium texture, straight to wavy, weather resistant and of medium length. The undercoat varies in quantity with variations in climate. Hair is short and smooth on the head, ears, front of forelegs and below the hocks. Backs of forelegs and breeches are moderately feathered. There is a moderate mane and frill, more pronounced in dogs than in bitches. Non-typical coats are severe faults.

COLOUR : Blue merle, black, red merle, red – all with or without white markings and/or tan (copper) points, with no order of preference. The hairline of a white collar does not exceed the point of the withers at the skin. White is acceptable on the neck (either in part or as a full collar), chest, legs, muzzle underparts, blaze on head and white extension from underpart up to four inches (10 cm), measuring from a horizontal line at the elbow.

White on the head should not predominate, and the eyes must be fully surrounded by colour and pigment. Merles characteristically become darker with increasing age.

Height at the withers : The preferred height for males is 20-23 inches (51-58 cm), females 18-21 inches (46-53 cm). Quality is not to be sacrificed in favour of size.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

TRANSLATION : Dr. Antonio Morsiani, Dr. J.-M. Paschoud and Prof. R. Triquet.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molossian and Swiss Mountain- and Cattledogs.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : Its direct ancestor is the old Roman Molossian. Formerly scattered all over Italy, in the recent past, the breed was only prevalent in the Province Apulia and in the adjacent regions of Southern Italy. His name derives from the Latin « cohors », which means « protector, guardian of the farmyard ».

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium to large-sized. Robust and sturdy, nevertheless elegant. Lean, powerful muscles.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The length of the head reaches 36% of the height at withers. The dog is somewhat longer than high.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Guardian of property, family and livestock; extremely agile and responsive. In the past, it has been used for herding cattle and hunting big game.

HEAD : Large and typically molossoid. The upper longitudinal axes of the skull and the muzzle converge slightly.

Skull : Wide; at the zygomatic arches its witdh is equal to or greater than its length. Convex in front, it becomes fairly flat behind the forehead as far as the occiput. The medio-frontal furrow is visible.

Nose : Black and large with ample, open nostrils, on the same line as the nasal bridge.

Muzzle : Noticeably shorter than the skull (ratio muzzle : skull approximately = 1 : 2). Strong, square; the front part of the muzzle is flat; the lateral surfaces are parallel; the muzzle is as wide as long. The profile of the nasal bridge is straight.

Lips : The upper lips hang moderately and cover the mandible, so that the lower profile of the muzzle is determined by the lips.

Jaws/Teeth : Jaws very large, thick and curved. Slightly undershot. Level bite acceptable, but not sought after.

Eyes : Medium-sized, ovoid, looking directly forward, slightly protruding. yelids close fitting. Colour of iris as dark as possible, depending from the colour of the coat. Expression keen and attentive.

Ears : Triangular, drooping, with a wide set on high above the zygomatic arches. Often cropped in the shape of an equilateral triangle.

BODY : The body is somewhat longer than the height at the withers. Sturdily built, but not squat.

TAIL : Set on fairly high; very thick at the root. The tail is docked at the fourth vertebra. In action carried high, but never curled nor erect.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Long stride, extended trot. The preferred gait is the trot.

COLOUR : Black, lead-grey, slate-grey, light grey, light fawn; stag red and dark fawn; brindle (stripes on different shades of fawn or grey); in fawn coloured and brindle dogs the black or grey mask on the muzzle should not go beyond the line of the eyes. A small white patch on the chest, on the tips of the feet and on the bridge of the nose is acceptable.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Axes of muzzle and skull parallel or too converging; lateral surfaces of the muzzle converging.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

AMERICAN AKITA Foto

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : In the beginning, the history of the American Akitas is similar to the history of Japanese Akitas. Since 1603, in the Akita region, Akita Matagis (medium-sized bear-hunting dogs) were used as fighting dogs. From 1868, Akita Matagis were crossbred with Tosas and Mastiffs. Consequently, the size of Akitas increased, but characteristics associated with Spitz type were lost. In 1908 dog fighting was prohibited, but Akitas were nevertheless preserved and improved as a large Japanese breed. As a result, nine superior examples of Akitas were designated as « Natural Monuments » in 1931.

During World War II (1939-1945), it was common to use dogs as a source of fur for military garments. The police ordered the capture and confiscation of all dogs other than German Shepherd Dogs used for military purposes. Some fanciers tried to circumvent the order by crossbreeding their dogs with German Shepherd Dogs. When World War II ended, Akitas had been drastically reduced in number and existed as three distinct types: 1) Matagi Akitas 2) Fighting Akitas 3) Shepherd Akitas. This created a very confusing situation in the breed. During the restoration process of the pure breed after the war, Kongo-go of the Dewa line enjoyed a temporary, but tremendous popularity. Many Akitas of the Dewa line, which exhibited characteristics of the Mastiff and German Shepherd influence, were brought back to the United States by members of the Military Forces.

The Akitas from the Dewa line, intelligent and capable of adapting to different environments, fascinated breeders in the United States and the line was developed with increasing number of breeders and a great rise in popularity.

The Akita Club of America was established in 1956 and the American Kennel Club (AKC) accepted the breed (inscription into the stud book and regular show status) in October 1972. However, at this time, the AKC and the JKC (Japan Kennel Club) did not have reciprocal agreements for recognizing each other’s pedigrees and therefore the door was closed for the introduction of the new bloodlines from Japan. Consequently, Akitas in the United States became considerably different from those in Japan, the country of origin. They developed as a type unique in the United States, with characteristics and type unchanged since 1955. This is in sharp contrast with Akitas in Japan which were crossbred with Matagi Akitas for the purpose of restoring the original pure breed.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Large-sized dog, sturdily built, well balanced, with much substance and heavy bone. The broad head, forming a blut triangle, with deep muzzle, relatively small eyes and erect ears carried forward almost in line with back of neck, is characteristic of the breed.

· The ratio of height at withers to length of body is 9 to 10 in males and 9 to 11 in bitches.

· The depth of the chest measures one-half of the height of the dog at withers.

· The distance from tip of nose to stop corresponds to the distance from stop to occiput as 2 does to 3.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Friendly, alert, responsive, dignified, docile and courageous.

HEAD : Massive, but in balance with the body, free or wrinkles when at ease. Head forms a blunt triangle when viewed from above.

Skull : Flat and broad between ears. A shallow furrow extends well up on forehead.

Nose : Broad and black. Slight and diffuse lack of pigment on nose is acceptable in white dogs only but black is always preferred.

Jaws/Teeth : Jaws not rounded, but blunt, strong and powerful. Teeth strong with regular and full dentition; scissor bite preferred, but level bite acceptable.

Eyes : Dark brown, relatively small, not prominent, almost triangular in shape. Eye rims black and tight.

Ears : Strongly erect and small in relation to the rest of the head. If the ear is folded forward for measuring length, tip will touch upper eye rim. Ears are triangular, slightly rounded at tip, wide at base, not set too low. Viewed from the side, the ears are angled forward over the eyes following the line of the neck.

NECK : Thick and muscular with minimal dewlap, comparatively short, widening gradually toward shoulders. A pronounced crest blends harmoniously into the base of skull.

BODY : Longer than high. Skin not too thin, neither too tight nor too loose.

TAIL : Large and well furnished with hair, set high and carried over back or against flank in a three-quarter, full, or double curl, always dipping to or below level of back. On a three-quarter curl, tip drops well down on flank. Root large and strong.

The terminal bone of tail reaches hock when let or puled down. Hair coarse, straight and dense, with no appearance of a plume.

Pasterns : Slightly sloping forward in an angle of approximately 15° to the vertical.

HINDQUARTERS : Strongly muscled, width and bone comparable to forequarters. Dewclaws on hind legs customarily removed.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Powerful, covering ground with moderate reach and drive. Hindlegs move in line with forelegs. Back remaining strong, firm and level.

HAIR : Double-coat. Undercoat thick, soft, dense and shorter than outer coat. Outer coat straight, harsh/stiff and standing somewhat off body. Hair on head, lower legs and ears short. Length of hair at withers and croup approximately 5 cm, which is slightly longer than on rest of body, except tail, where coat is longest and most profuse.

COLOUR : Any colour like red, fawn, white, etc; or even pinto and brindle. Colours are brilliant and clear, and markings are well balanced, with or without mask or blaze. White dogs (solid in colour) have no mask. Pinto have a white ground colour with large, evenly placed patches covering head and more than one-third of body. Undercoat may have a different colour from the outer-coat.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

UTILIZATION : A good working Terrier with ability to go to ground. An excellent companion dog.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Jack Russell Terrier originated in England in the 1800’s due to the efforts of the Reverend John Russell. He developed a strain of Fox Terriers to suit his needs for a dog to run with his foxhounds and go to ground to bolt the fox and other quarry from their dens. Two varieties evolved with basically similar Standards except for differences, mainly in height and proportions. The taller, more squarely built dog is now known as the Parson Russell Terrier and the shorter, slightly longer proportioned dog, is known as the Jack Russell Terrier.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : A strong, active, lithe working Terrier of great character with flexible body of medium length. His smart movement matches his keen expression. Tail docking is optional and the coat may be smooth, rough or broken.

· The depth of the body from the withers to the brisket should equal the length of foreleg from elbows to the ground.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : A lively, alert and active Terrier with a keen, intelligent expression. Bold and fearless, friendly but quietly confident.

Skull : The skull should be flat and of moderate width gradually decreasing in width to the eyes and tapering to a wide muzzle.

Muzzle : The length from the stop to the nose should be slightly shorter than from the stop to the occiput.

Jaws/Teeth : Very strong, deep, wide and powerful. Strong teeth closing to a scissor bite.

Eyes : Small dark and with keen expression. Must not be prominent and eyelids should fit closely. The eyelid rims should be pigmented black. Almond shape.

Back : Level. The length from the withers to the root of tail slightly greater than the height from the withers to the ground.

Chest : Chest deep rather than wide, with good clearance from the ground, enabling the brisket to be located at the height mid-way between the ground and the withers. Ribs should be well sprung from the spine, flattening on the sides so that the girth behind the elbows can be spanned by two hands - about 40 cm to 43 cm.

TAIL : May droop at rest. When moving should be erect and if docked the tip should be on the same level as ears.

Upper arm : Of sufficient length and angulation to ensure elbows are set under the body.

Forelegs : Straight in bone from the elbows to the toes whether viewed from the front or the side.

Rear pastern (Metatarsus) : Parallel when viewed from behind while in free standing position.

FEET : Round, hard, padded, not large, toes moderately arched, turned neither in nor out.

HAIR : May be smooth, broken or rough. Must be weatherproof. Coats should not be altered (stripped out) to appear smooth or broken.