FCI Standard 326

FCI-Standard N° 326 / 16. 09. 1996 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

SOUTH RUSSIAN SHEPHERD DOG (Ioujnorousskaïa Ovtcharka) Foto

TRANSLATION : Mrs. Peggy Davis.

ORIGIN : Russia.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 30.09.1983.

UTILIZATION : Sheepdog.

The Ovtcharka of meridional Russia is a dog of robust constitution, of above average size; he is fierce and distrustful of strangers, not very demanding and adapts easily to diverse climatic conditions and temperatures.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 1 Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs).

Section 1 Sheepdogs.

Without working trial.

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Robust, lean, with massive bone structure and a strongly developed musculature.
Faults: Frail constitution, bones too light, insufficient musculature; constitution of coarse or gross appearance.
Sexual type: Well evident according to sex. The males are courageous, stronger and more massive than the females.
Faults: Females of male type.
Severe faults: Effeminate type male.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:
- Index of bone structure: Males 17 - 19; Females 16 - 18
- Length index (Format): 108 - 110.
Faults: Slight divergences of the given norm.
Severe faults: Accentuated divergences of the given norms (square shape or very elongated).

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT: Type of highly nervous activity, strong, balanced, lively. Dominant action active way of defense.
Faults: Excessive excitability, timidity, laziness.
Severe faults: Uncontrolled excitability, cowardice.

HEAD: Elongated shape with a moderately broad forehead; the occipital crest and the zygomatic arches are strongly pronounced.

The stop is barely visible.

The nose is big, black.
Faults: Coarse head, accentuated stop, superciliary arches prominent, muzzle too short or too elongated, gray lips; nose gray or brown.

Severe faults: Narrow muzzle, weak, turned up, of truncated shape. Pink nose.
Teeth: White, big, fitting closely. The incisors are set regularly and close in scissor bite.
Faults: Teeth too small and spaced, yellow or prematurely worn. Broken teeth but not impeding a correct closure of the jaws.
Lack of premolars.
Severe faults: Everything which does not correspond to a perfect closure of the teeth In scissor bite. Decayed teeth. Incisors set Irregularly.
Ears: Relatively small, of triangular shape, hanging.
Faults: Detached ears.
Eyes: Oval shape, set horizontally, dark; the eyelids lean, tight.
Faults: Light eyes.
Severe faults: Eyes of different colors, pink eyelids.

NECK: Lean, muscular, of moderate length, set high. Faults: Neck too short, set low.

BODY:
Withers: Apparent but not high.
Back: Straight and strong.
Faults: Weak back or roach-back.
Severe faults: Saddle back or humped.
Loin: Short, broad, rounded.
Faults: Slightly elongated, straight or too rounded.
Severe faults: Long, narrow, drooping.
Chest: Reasonably broad, slightly flattened, deep.
Faults: Chest insufficiently let down (above the elbow).
Severe faults: Narrow chest, too small, barrel shaped.
Belly: Moderately tucked up.
Faults: Excessively whippety or sagging.

FEET: (Front and back): oval shaped, strong, well arched, covered with long hair.
Faults: Flat feet, splayed feet.

GAIT / MOVEMENT: The gaits are free and extended. The natural gaits of this dog are the heavy trot and the gallop. At the trot, the legs move in a straight line with a slight convergence to the median line. The articulations of the fore- and hindquarters straightening up freely.
Faults: Slight lateral deviation in the movement of the legs. Insufficient straightening up of the articulations.
Severe faults: Restrained gait, lack in action.

COAT

HAIR: Long (10-15 cm), coarse, thick, dense, of equal length on head, chest, legs and tail, with a well developed undercoat.
Faults: Straight hair.
Severe faults: Short hair, soft texture.

COLOUR: Most often white, but also white and yellow, straw color, grayish (ashen gray) and other shades of gray; white lightly marked with gray; gray speckled.
Severe faults: Black, rushy or brown coat; strongly speckled.

HEIGHT AT WITHERS: Males a minimum of 65 cm. Females: a minimum of 62 cm.
Faults: Size of less than 65 cm for the males, less than 62 cm for the females.
Severe faults: Size of less than 60 cm for the males, less than 58 cm for the females.

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault is regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

ELIMINATING FAULTS:

- Everything which does not correspond to a correct closure of jaws in scissor bite.
- Hair short or straight.
- All the shades of the coat which have not been taken into consideration in the present standard.

Note: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

BLACK TERRIER (Tchiorny Terrier) Foto

TRANSLATION : Translated from Russian to French on September 29, 1993 by Mr. R. Triquet, with the collaboration of Mme Annie Allain, assistant professor of Russian at the University of Lille III, France. Translated from French to English on July 28, 1995 by Christopher Arts and Jane Pampalone.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molossoid breeds, Swiss Mountain- and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The size of the Black Terriers is larger than an average dog. Black Terriers are strong, with massive one structure and well-developed muscles. The skin is tight and elastic, without any folds or dewlap.

Dogs of this breed are assertive, wary of strangers and resistant; they adjust easily to different climates. The Black Terrier must yield to training.

Major faults : Light bone structure, weak muscle tone, frail and weak constitution.

INDEX OF THE FORMAT : The proportion of the length of the body vs. the height at the withers is 100 : 105.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Extremely energetic, hardy, stable temperament, but very lively, with strong reactions of defense.

Clearly expressed, depending on the sex. Male dogs are of greater size, more masculine and more massive than bitches.

Major faults : Strong deviation from the required characteristics. Male with a feminine appearance or vice versa.

HEAD : Long and moderately narrow skull with well-rounded cheekbones. The forehead is flat. The stop is marked but not too pronounced. The muzzle is parallel with the topline of the skull. The muzzle is massive, slightly tapering. The length of the muzzle is slightly less than the length of the skull. The moustache and the beard give the muzzle a truncated and square appearance. The lips are thick and full. The upper lip is adjusted to the line of the lower jaw without forming flews.

Faults : Head too small, forehead rounded, stop hardly marked or excessively pronounced, protruding cheekbones, soft lips.

Major faults : Coarse head, too light or too heavy, rounded head; muzzle short, pointed or turned-up.

EARS: Attached high on the head, hanging down straight from the base, small and triangular in shape. The front rim of the ear hangs down against the cheekbones.

Faults : Ears set too low; long ears, flying ears, ears held apart from the cheekbones.

Faults : Big eyes or eye colour not sufficiently dark. Visible third eyelid. Visible haw. Presence of a milky spot on the eye.

TEETH : Strong, white in colour, closely positioned. The incisors are positioned in one line, the bite is a scissors bite.

Faults : Poorly developed teeth, teeth not corresponding with age, damaged teeth which do not interfere with the proper occlusion of the bite. Absence of up to two of the first premolars or absence of one of the first premolars and one of the second premolars. Light tar build-up.

Major faults : Very small teeth, missing teeth; incisors not aligned; any deviation from a scissors bite; absence of an incisor or a canine, absence of a third or a fourth premolar or any molar. Teeth with severely damaged enamel.

CHEST : Large, deep, showing several well-sprung ribs. The lower part of the chest is positioned at the level of the elbows or slightly below this level.

Faults : Ribs not well sprung, chest not descending to the level of the elbows, ribcage slightly flat.

Major faults : Barrel shaped ribcage, too wide, not enough let down, flat or narrow.

RUMP : Large, muscular, with a barely visible slope towards the tail, which is set high on the croup.

FOREQUARTERS : Seen from the front, the legs are straight and parallel. The angle of the shoulder blade with the upper arm is approximately 110 degrees. The elbows must point backwards. The forearms are short and vertical. The pasterns are short and straight.

Faults : Shoulder is slightly too straight, elbows slightly turned inwards or outwards; pasterns weak, outwards or inwards.

Major faults : Upright shoulder; strong deviation of the elbows; deviation of the forearm; knuckling over, down or pastern.

HINDQUARTERS : Seen from behind, the legs are straight and parallel, but held more wide than the front legs. The thighs are muscular and well developed. The lower thighs are long and set obliquely. The hock joint is dry and well developed. The hocks (metatarsals) are massive, long and almost vertical.

Faults: Weak muscle tone, short legs, slightly cow hocked legs (or bow-legged). Angulations slightly too straight or the angle at the hock too narrow. Hare feet.

Major faults : The same as above, but more pronounced. Rump too high. Hock joints perfectly straight or with a very narrow angulation.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Easy, harmonious and fluid. A slow trot or the gallop are the most typical movements. When trotting, the legs must move in a straight line, with the front legs converging towards a median line. The back and the loin show an elastic movement.

Faults : Slight deviation from the requirement that the legs move in a straight line. Insufficient extension of the front or hind legs.

Major faults : Restricted or clumsy movement, movement of the hind legs not straight (crab-like movement), unbalanced movement of the rump (rolling movement of the hindquarters), pacing movement.

HAIR : The hair is rough, hard, ample and extremely dense. The broken’s hair length is between 1,6 and 3,9 inches (4 - 10 cm) and covers the entire body. On the muzzle, the coat forms a rough, brushy moustache on the upper lip and a beard on the lower lip. Above the eyes, the eyebrows are rough and bristled. On the neck and the withers, the coat is longer and forms a mane. The forelegs down until the elbows and the hind legs until the thighs are covered by a rough and long coat. The undercoat is dense and well-developed.

Faults : Straight hair, not broken. Wavy hair, soft hair, hair longer than 3,9 inches (10 cm). Insufficient formation of moustache, beard or eyebrows. Frizzy hair.

Major faults : Hair too long (in excess of 5,9 inches (15 cm)), soft hair, falling hair, short hair, smooth hair; absence of coat developments on head or legs.

Major faults : Brown or grey coat, reddish patches; white spots on chin, head, neck and legs.

Faults : Slightly leggy or short on the legs. Height at withers of male dogs below 25,7 inches (66 cm) or above 28,1 inches (72 cm); height at the withers of bitches below 25,0 inches (64 cm) or above 27,3 inches (70 cm).

Major faults : Rump set too high or withers too low. Height at withers of male dogs below 25,4 inches (65 cm) or above 28,9 inches (74 cm); height at withers of bitches below 24,6 inches (63 cm) or above 28,1 inches (72 cm).

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

CAUCASIAN SHEPHERD (Kavkazskaïa Ovtcharka) Foto

TRANSLATION : Translated from Russian to French by Madame Allain and Mr. R. Triquet, senior-lecturers at the University of Lille III; from French to English by Mrs. Peggy Davis.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer type, Molossian and Swiss Mountain- and Cattle Dogs.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The shepherd dogs from the Caucasus are dogs of superior size to the average and large size dogs, of robust even coarse constitution; by nature, they are aggressive and distrustful of strangers. To these peculiarities must be added the endurance, lack of demands and the faculty of adaptation to varied thermal and climatic conditions, allowing the use of the Caucasian Shepherd dog in nearly all the regions of the Soviet Union.

The principal regions of penetration of the Caucasian Sheepdog are the Federal Republics of Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaidjan, the Independent Republic of Kabardino-Balkarie, Daghestan and Kalmoukie, the regions of the North Caucasus steppes and the surroundings areas of Astrakhan. In the regions of the Transcaucasus the dogs are of a more bulky type of constitution, whereas in the steppes regions they are lighter, higher on the legs and often short-haired.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Type of great alert activity, strong - balanced - calm. The reactions of defense which manifest themselves in an active form, are well developed.

TYPE OF CONSTITUTION : Robust, even coarse, with a massive bone structure and strong musculature. Skin is thick but elastic.

INDEX OF BONE STRUCTURE : (Proportion of the perimeter of the pastern vs. the height at the withers) = Males 21 - 22; females 20 - 22.

INDEX OF THE FORMAT : The proportion of the length of the body vs. the height at the withers is 100 - 108.

SEXUAL TYPE : Well accentuated. The males are stronger and more massive. The females are a bit smaller in size, of a little lighter constitution.

Skull : Massive with a broad skull and strongly developed zygomatic arches. Broad forehead, flat, divided in two halves by a slight furrow.

Nose : The nose is strong, broad, black. In the white and the light straw coloured dogs, a brown (chestnut) coloured nose is admissible.

Muzzle : The muzzle is shorter than the length of the skull, only lightly tapered.

Teeth : White, strong, well developed, close together, not showing gaps. Incisors aligned at the base - Scissor bite.

NECK : Powerful, short. Carried quite low so as to form an angle of 30° to 40° in relation to the line of the back.

Chest : Broad, deep, slightly rounded in shape. Lower line of chest is at elbow level or lower.

TAIL : High set, hanging down, reaching the hock. In shape of sickle, hook or ring. Docked tails are admitted.

FOREQUARTERS : Seen from the front: straight and parallel. Angle of the scapular-humeral articulation about 100°.

Pastern : Short, strong, placed on the vertical or with an insignificant inclination.

Length of the legs up to the elbows a little superior to the half of the height at the withers. Index of height of the forequarters (proportion of the height of the forequarters from the point of the elbow to the ground vs. height at the withers) = 50 - 54.

HINDQUARTERS : Seen from the back: straight and parallel; in profile: slightly open at level of stifle articulation.

Hindquarters not sloping from front to back. The vertical line starting from the ischiatic tuberosity must pass in the centre of the hockjoint and of the hock.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Free, swinging stride; usually balanced. The characteristic gait is a short trot, which in case of acceleration usually turns into a slightly heavy gallop. On the move the legs must move in straight line, the forelegs slightly converging towards the median line; the articulations of the fore-and hindquarters function with ease; the back and the loins work smoothly. The withers and the rump should remain at the same level during the trot.

HAIR : Straight hair, coarse, with a strongly developed undercoat of a lighter colour. On the head and front part of the limbs, hair shorter and lying well flat against body. We distinguish 3 groups according to the coat:

· Long-haired: top coat longer. The long hairs on the neck form a ruff, on the rear parts of the legs fringes and culottes. The thick coat, which covers the whole of the tail, makes it thick and bushy.

· Shor-haired: Covered with a thick coat, relatively short, without a ruff, without fringes, without culottes nor feahtering on the tail.

· Intermediate type: long-haired but without ruff, fringes, culottes or feathering.

COLOUR : Banded hair of grey, with varied shades, usually light with a tendency towards ginger (rusty), straw colour, white, reddish brown, brindle and also pied coat and scattered with patches.

Height at the withers : For the males, not less than 65 cm; for the females, not less than 62 cm.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Forehead too bulging, transition from forehead to muzzle (stop) abrupt or too lightly marked.

· Teeth showing abnormal wear in relation to age. Presence of broken teeth which do not harm the occlusion (bite). Absence of at most two first premolars, or absence of one the first and one of the second premolars. Slight yellowing of the teeth.

· Light eyes, lower eyelids slightly drooping. Presence of milky white spots on the cornea.

· Weakly developed withers, standing out insufficiently above the topline of the back.

· Chest slightly flattened. The lower region of the chest not quite reaching the elbow line (insufficiently let down).

· Forequarters : Small deviations in relation to angles of shoulder articulations, forearm slightly shortened or lengthtened, slight deviation of elbows, slight toeing out, pastern too oblique.

· Hindquarters : Seen from behind: small deviation in relation to the parallelism (slight closeness or spreading of the hocks). Legs a little wide apart or a little close together, hindquarters too straight, hindquarters slightly overbuilt.

· Movement : Deviations in relation to the normal movement (the dog brings the legs in or puts them out). The articulations do not function with sufficient ease. Lack of suppleness of back and loins movement. Rump raised during the trotting movement. Slight side-to-side swinging of the rump (rolling of the hindquarters).

· Light head, narrow, with pointed muzzle, not in proportion with the general type of construction, turned up muzzle.

· Teeth small, scattered (wide apart), insufficiently developed. Incisors implanted in irregular line. Teeth with badly damaged enamel.

· Eyes of different colours; lower eyelids drooping, showing part of the schlerotica.

· Forequarters : Straight shoulders or angle of shoulder too closed, forearm crooked or thin, marked deviation of elbows, very weak pastern, distinctly toeing out, or one or both feet pidgeon - toed (turned in).

· Hindquarters : Strongly marked deviations in relation to the parallelism. Hindquarters excessively straight. Legs bowed. Hindquarters very overbuilt.

· Restricted movement, heavy. Rump very much overbuilt, when trotting, in relation to the withers. Marked vertical movement of the rump. Ambling gait.

· For the males a height at the withers less than 65 cm; for the females, less than 62 cm.

· Absence of one of the canines or one of the incisors; absence of one of the third or fourth premolars or of one molar.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

CANARIAN WARREN HOUND - CANARIAN PODENCO (Podenco Canario) Foto

UTILIZATION : Is used for rabbit hunting, and to that end, adapts perfectly to the many irregularities of the terrain by using his prodigious nose, his sight and hearing. He endures easily high temperatures and is capable of hunting from dawn to nightfall. Thanks to his nose and his hearing, he can also detect the presence of rabbits at the bottom of natural crevices of the terrain, in cracks in walls, in the heaps of stones at the edges of ploughed fields, in the volcanic tubes and in the thorny bushes. His extraordinary survival is no doubt due to his gifts as a hunter which have made him irreplaceable during the centuries. He is mainly a tracker dog who must neither bark nor catch the game during his scenting work. Is also used in hunting, combined with the ferret, method of hunting authorised on the islands. He usually takes the rabbits in his mouth.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : On the Canary Islands, from where he originates, he is known under the name of Podenco Canario. We meet him frequently on all the islands, especially on the biggest, on the Gran Canary Island and the Isle of Teneriffe. The Podenco Canario is a dog of Egyptian origin which was probably imported to the Canary Islands by the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Carthaginians and the Egyptians themselves. It is one of the most ancient breeds in existence, because we find numerous vestiges (engravings, statues, bas-reliefs) in the tombs of the Pharaohs and in the museums of the Louvre or the British Museum. This breed dates back about seven thousand years.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : It is a dog of medium size, built on longish lines, slender, light and extremely resistant. The skeleton is well developed. The absence of layers of fat make it possible to see the rib cage as well as the spinal column and the hip bones. The musculature is developed to the highest degree, lean, the contractions of the muscles are visible through the skin.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Sligthly longer than high. Chest well developed without coming down to the elbow. Muzzle slightly longer than the skull.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Courageous, nervy, agitated, and of an enthusiastic dynamism. Imposing but not at all aggressive. Attached with abnegation to his master, he stoically puts up with the most rigorous days without the least sign of fatigue.

HEAD : Elongated, truncated cone shape, well in proportion with the body, of medium length of 21 to 22 cm. The cranial-facial axes are parallel.

Nose : Large, flesh-coloured in harmony with the colour of the coat. Nostrils moderately open.

Muzzle : Large and prominent, in shape of a blunt cone, more or less dark flesh colour in harmony with the coat.

Eyes : Oblique, small, almond-shaped. More or less dark amber in colour; the intensity depends on the colour of the coat. The expression is intelligent and full of nobleness.

Ears : Quite big, they rise up when the dog is in a state of excitation and are pricked in a slightly divergent position. At rest, they tip backwards. They are broad at their set on, ending in a point.

NECK : Well muscled, straight, with smooth skin and without dewlap, flexible and rounded.

Back : Strong, musculature well developed, fit for the racing and the demands of the hunt.

Croup : Bones of the rump quite solid, more visible in the thin subjects or in full hunting season.

Chest : The sternum is not protruding. Chest well developed, yet does not come down to the elbow. Ribs oval. The thoracic perimeter exceeds the height at the withers by 5 to 8 cm.

TAIL : Rather low set, appears as an extension of the rump. Round, reaches only a little lower than the hock. Hanging, or raised in sickle shape. A little tapered at the tip, which is usually white. Is never rolled up. It is not desirable it be carried too high when moving.

FOREQUARTERS : Perfectly vertical, straight and parallel; bone structure fine but solid; feet in shape of cat-feet, generally slightly turned outwards. Pads firm, slightly oval.

HINDQUARTERS : Well vertical, straight, robust; musculature well developed; hock quite high (about 18 cm from the ground); cat-feet really straight, pads firm and oval shaped. No dewclaws.

COLOUR : Preferably red and white, the red may be more or less intense, going from orange to dark red (mahogany). All combinations of these colours.

Because of the differences of configuration of the terrains where the dog lives and hunts, these average sizes may vary; so one may accept deviations of 2 cm above the maximum size and 2 cm below the minimal size, as long as the subjects in question correspond to the archetype of the breed.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

UTILIZATION : Most acceptable companion and friend in the homes and the fields. The Irish Red & White Setter is bred primarily for the field. The standard as set out hereunder must be interpreted chiefly from this point of view and all Judges at bench shows must judge the exhibits chiefly from the working standpoint.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Irish Setter probably came to its own at the end of the 17th century. It is not well known outside of Ireland that there are two breeds of Irish Setters, but is fairly certain, that the Red and White Setter is the older of the two, and that judicious selective breeding evolved the solid red colour. When Irish Setters came to the show benches, just past the middle of the 19th century, there was a good deal of confusion about their proper colour. By the end of the 19th century, the Red Setter had virtually eclipsed the Red and White, which became so rare, that they were thought to be extinct. During the 1920s, efforts were made to revive the breed. By 1944, the breed had re-established itself well enough to have a club of its own, and today it can be seen in healthy numbers at Irish shows and Field Trials. The present Club the Irish Red & White Setter Field & Show Society was formed in 1981 and through its endeavours and direction the breed is now well established nationally and internationally. The Irish Red & White Setter competes successfully in Field Trials against the other pointing breeds and there are now quite a number of Field Trial Champions and Show Champions.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Strong well balanced and proportioned without lumber; athletic rather than racy. The Irish Red & White Setter is bred primarily for the field and must be judged chiefly from the working standpoint.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Aristocratic, keen and intelligent. Displays a kindly, friendly attitude, behind which should be discernible determination, courage and high spirit. The Red and White Setter is very friendly, dependable and easily trained gundog.

Skull : Domed without showing occipital protuberance, as in the Irish Red Setter.

NECK : Moderately long, very muscular, but not too thick, slightly arched, free from all tendency to throatiness.

TAIL : Moderate length, not reaching below hock, strong at root. Tapering to fine point; no appearance of ropiness and carried level with or below the back.

Hock : Well let down, turning neither in nor out. From hock to foot of moderate length and strong.

GAIT : When moving at the trot long striding, very lively, graceful and efficient. Head held high, hindquarters drive smoothly and with great power. Forelegs reach well ahead and remain low. Seen from or rear forelegs and hindlegs below the hock joint moving perpendicularly to the ground, no crossing or weaving of legs, front or back.

HAIR : Long silky fine hair called "Feathering" on the back of the fore and hind legs and on the outer ear flap, also a reasonable amount on the flank extending on to the chest and throat forming a fringe. All feathering straight, flat and free from curl but slight wave is permissible. The tail should be well feathered. On all other parts of the body the hair should be short, flat and free from curl.

COLOUR : Base colour white with solid red patches (clear islands of red colour), both colours should show the maximum of life and bloom; flecking but not roaning permitted around the face and feet and up the foreleg as far as the elbow and up the hindleg as far as the hock. Roaning, flecking and mottling on any other part of the body is objectionable.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.