FCI Standard 306

FCI-Standard N° 306 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

WEST SIBERIAN LAIKA (Zapadno-Sibirskaïa Laïka) Foto

ORIGIN : Russia.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 03.06.1980.

UTILIZATION : Hunting dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 5 Spitz and primitive types.

Section 2 Nordic hunting dogs.

With working trial.

SHORT HISTORICAL SUMMARY: This breed was established by crossing the closely related Hantyisker and Mansijaker strains of Laiki with the dogs of the Russian hunters of the Northern Ural and Western Siberia. Apart from the native stock in the areas where hunting is practised, this breed is widely distributed in the middle zone of Russia, where there is a big number of these dogs produced at large breeding establishments. In quite a few hunting areas there are special kennels for the breeding of West Siberian Laiki.
We still can distinguish the Mansi- and Hanty-types of Laiki in this breed.
The Mansi Laika is lighter built, with narrower chest and longer legs. The head is more elongate with a longer muzzle.
The Hanty Laika is stockier built and slightly rangy. The head is broader and the muzzle is slightly shorter. The coat, especially on the neck and shoulders is stronger developed than in the Mansi Laika.

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Medium size; strong and clean constitution; bone structure well developed but neither massive nor coarse; muscles strong and well developed.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: Index of format (length of the body x 100: height at withers) in dogs 103-107, in bitches 104-108.

BEHAVIOUR / CHARACTER: Balanced, lively.

HEAD: Not large.

CRANIAL REGION:
Skull: Similar in shape to an equilateral triangle.
Stop: Transition from skull to muzzle gradual, barely noticeable.

FACIAL REGION:
Muzzle: Long and pointed. Lips dry, close fitting.
Teeth: White, large; scissor bite.
Eyes: Oval, slanting, dark in colour.
Ears: Pricked, set on high, pointed.

NECK: Muscular, dry.

BODY:
Withers: Very pronounced.
Back: Strong, straight.
Loin: Short, supple.
Croup: Broad, muscular, slightly sloping.
Chest: Well developed.
Belly: Lightly tucked up.

TAIL: Strong curl; carried over back or buttocks.

LIMBS:

FOREQUARTERS: Legs long; muscular, slanting shoulders; pastern not long, slightly inclined.

HINDQUARTERS: Muscular, strong, with well defined angulations of hocks. Dewclawns should be removed.

FEET: Oval, arched with tight toes.

GAIT / MOVEMENT: Typical movement: short trot, alternating with gallop.

SKIN: Thick; without any folds.

COAT:

HAIR: Guard hairs of outercoat hard, well developed undercoat. Top coat straight and coarse. Thanks to well developed dense undercoat, it is somewhat "stand off" and appears profuse. On head, ears and front side of the limbs, the coat is short; on withers, neck, shoulders and rear side of the limbs, the hair is longer; it forms a beard on the cheek-bones, a collar on the neck and slight feathering on rear of limbs.

COLOUR: White, Pepper and salt, red and grey in all shades; black colour permitted, also particolours and with patches of the same colours.

HEIGHT: Height at withers in dogs 54-60 cm, in bitches 52-58 cm.

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B.: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

UTILIZATION : Sight hunting. The nomads considered the dog equally as a « show piece » and as a companion.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : It is an African sighthound of afro-asian type which appeared in Europe towards 1970 and comes from the Nigerian middle basin, among others from the valley of the Azawakh. For hundreds of years he has been the companion of the nomads of the South-Sahara.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Particularly high in the leg and elegant, the Azawakh sighthound gives a general impression of great fineness. His bone structure and musculature are transparent beneath fine and lean tissues (skin). This sighthound presents itself as a racy dog whose body fits into a rectangle with its longer sides in vertical position.

- Length of body/height at the withers = 9 : 10. This ratio may be slightly superior in the bitches.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Quick, attentive, distant, reserved with strangers and may even be unapproachable, but he can be gentle and affectionate with those he is willing to accept.

Skull : It is almost flat, rather elongated. The width of the skull must definitely be inferior to half the length of the head. The directions of the axes of the skull and the muzzle are often slightly divergent towards the front. The superciliary arches and the frontal furrow are slightly marked. On the other hand, the occipital crest is clearly protruding and the occipital protuberance marked.

Eyes : Almond shaped, quite large. Their colour is dark or amber. Eyelids pigmented.

Ears : Set quite high. They are fine, always drooping and flat, quite wide at the base, close to the skull, never a « rose ear ». Their shape is that of a triangle with a slightly rounded tip. Their base raises when the hound is attentive.

NECK : Good reach of neck which is long, fine and muscular, slightly arched. The skin is fine and does not form a dewlap.

Hip bones : Distinctly protruding and always placed at an equal or superior height to the height of the withers.

Chest : Well developed in length, deep but without reaching elbow level. It is not very wide but must have enough space for the heart, so, the sternal region of the chest must not abruptly become narrow.

Underline : The sternal arch is accentuated and joined without abruptness to the belly which is tucked up very high below the lumbar arch.

TAIL : Set low, long, thin, lean and tapered. Is covered with the same type of hair as that of the body and has a white brush at its extremity. Is carried hanging with the tip slightly raised, but when the dog is excited, it can be carried above the horizontal.

Seen as a whole : Long, fine, almost entirely vertical; legs perfectly well-set.

Shoulders : Long, lean and muscular and only slightly slanting seen in profile. The scapulo-humeral angle is very open (about 130°).

Forefeet : Rounded shape, with fine and tightly closed toes; the pads are pigmented.

Thighs : Long with prominent and lean muscles. The coxo-femoral angle is very open (about 130°).

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Always very supple (lissom) and with particularly high action at the trot and the walk. The galop is bouncy. The Azawakh gives a great impression of lightness, even elasticity. The movement is an essential point of the breed.

COLOUR : Fawn with flecking limited to the extremities. All shades are admitted from light sable to dark fawn. The head may or may not have a black mask and the blaze is very inconstant. The coat has a white bib and a white brush at the tip of the tail. Each of the four limbs must have compulsorily a white « stocking », at least in shape of a trace on the feet. The black brindling is admitted.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Lack of type (in particular when showing a recent crossing with another breed).

· Ribs curving in at the base of the chest which thus takes on the look of « violin box ».

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

DUTCH SMOUSHOND (Hollandse Smoushond) Foto

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer type, Molossian and Swiss Mountain- and Cattledogs.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Roughcoated, lively, active, strong and squarely built. Bitches are allowed slightly more length of body. Built and muscled so as to be able to follow horse and carriage, as well as to catch rats in the stable the Smous was formerly referred to as « Gentleman’s Stabledog » or coachman’s dog. Consequently there should be no suggestion of coarseness or ungainliness.

BEHAVIOUR/CHARACTER : Affectionate, gay, friendly, free ; nor nervously over-active, nor easily frightened, yappy or prone to running off by itself. The Smous should be a pleasant and easy family dog.

HEAD : The head is one of the most typical features of the Dutch Smousdog. Seen from above it is broad and short.

Muzzle : Full, with strong, fairly short jaws (the relation between length of the skull, from occiput to stop, and length of the muzzle, from stop to nose-tip is 2:1).

Jaws/Teeth : Strong, preferably with a scissor bite, the upper teeth closely overlapping to lower teeth. A level bite or a just undershot mouth are acceptable.

Eyes : The eyes are very typical of the breed, with a friendly and lively expression; they are dark, large and round, and neither bulging nor deep-set; the rims are black, the eyelashes dark and well developed.

Ears : The high-set ears, dropping with the front edge close to the cheeks, are small and thin and triangular with slightly rounded tips. When the dog is alert, the points of the ears lean a little forward against the cheeks.

BODY : The body must give an impression of sturdiness; both coarseness and ranginess should be frowned upon.

TAIL : Undocked; it should be rather short, carried gaily, but not curled over the back.

FOREQUARTERS : Straight, not too close together and yet well under the body. Strong, oval bone.

Shoulders : Moderately sloping according to the moderate angulation of fore- and hindquarters.

· a) On the body : Coarse, wiry, harsh, straight and with on unkempt look about it, approx. 4-7 cm (1½ - 2¾ inches) long; not curly, wavy or woolly; a tendency to mat is a serious fault. Sufficient undercoat to protect the dog from the weather. A parting on the back is an indication that the coat is too long and soft and lacking undercoat.

· b) On the legs : Coat of medium length, not dense, pointing backwards, thus suggesting slight feathering. Fault: a dense and woolly coat all over the legs, thus hiding the true outline.

· d) On the head : This is covered with the same wiry hair as the body but slightly shorter, at least on the skull. There is long hair to be found on the cheeks, moustache, beard and eyebrows. The eyebrows may drop a little over the eyes as long as they do not hide the eyes or interfere with the sight. A topknot is a fault, as is a parting on the muzzle. The hair on the ears is shorter than on the body.

COLOUR : Self-coloured yellow in all shades, with a preference for a dark straw colour. Ears, moustache, beard and eyebrows may be of a darker shade of yellow than the rest of the dog. Any other colour than yellow in its different shades is unacceptable.

Height at the withers : between 35 and 42 cm (14-16,5 inches); males approx. 37-42 cm (14,5 to 16,5 inches), females approx. 35-40 cm (14 to 16 inches).

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molossians and Swiss Mountain- and Cattledogs.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : This Chinese breed has existed for hundreds of years in the provinces bordering the South China Sea. The town of Dialak in the province of Kwun Tung is probably the place of origin.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Active, compact, short coupled and squarely built dog of medium size. Wrinkles over skull and withers, small ears and « hippopotamus » muzzle impart to the Shar Pei a unique look. Dogs larger and more powerful than bitches.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The height of the Shar Pei from withers to ground is approximately equal to the length of the body, from point of shoulder to point of buttock, especially in males. The length from nose to stop is approximately equal to the length from stop to occiput.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Calm, independent, loyal, affectionate to his family.

Rather large in proportion to body. Wrinkles on forehead and cheeks continuing to form dewlap.

Nose : Large and wide, preferably black, but any colour conforming to general coat colour permissible. Wide opened nostrils.

Muzzle : A distinctive feature of the breed. Broad from root to tip of nose with no suggestion of tapering. Lips and top of muzzle well padded. Bulge at the base of the nose permissible.

Mouth : Tongue, roof of mouth, gums and flews: bluish black is preferred. Pink spotted tongue permissible. Solid pink tongue highly undesirable. In dilute-coloured dogs the tongue is solid lavender.

Jaws/Teeth : Jaws strong with a perfect scissor bite, i.e. the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Padding of lower lip should not be so excessive as to interfere with the bite.

Eyes : Dark, almond-shaped with a scowling expression. Lighter colour permissible in dilute-coloured dogs. Function of eyeball or lid in no way disturbed by surrounding skin, folds or hair. Any sign of irritation of eyeball, conjunctiva or eyelids highly undesirable. Free from entropion.

Ears : Very small, rather thick, equilaterally triangular in shape, slightly rounded at tip and set high on the skull with tips pointing towards eyes; set well forward over eyes, wide apart and close to skull. Pricked ears highly undesirable.

NECK : Medium length, strong, set well on shoulders. The loose skin under the neck should not be excessive.

BODY : Folds of skin on body in mature dogs highly undesirable except on withers and base of tail, which show moderate wrinkling.

TAIL : Thick and round at the root, tapering to a fine point. The tail is set very high, a characteristic feature of the breed. May be carried high and curved, carried in tight curl or curved over or to either side of the back. Lack of or incomplete tail highly undesirable.

FOREQUARTERS : Forelegs straight, moderate length, good bone. The skin on forelegs shows no wrinkle.

HINDQUARTERS : Muscular, strong, moderately angulated, perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other when viewed from the rear. Wrinkles on upper thighs, lower thighs, rear pasterns as well as the thickening of the skin on hocks undesirable.

FEET : Moderate size, compact, not splayed. Toes well knuckled. Hindfeet free from dewclaws.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : The preferred gait is trot. The gait is free, balanced, active with good forward reach and strong drive from the hindquarters. The feet tend to converge to a center line when the speed increases. Stilted gait undesirable.

HAIR : A distinctive feature of the breed: short, harsh and bristly. The coat is straight and offstanding on the body, but generally flatter on the limbs. No undercoat. The coat may vary in length from 1 cm to 2,5 cm. Never trimmed.

COLOUR : All solid colours acceptable except white. Tail and rear part of thighs frequently of a lighter colour. Darker shading down the back and on the ears permissible.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Deviation from a scissor bite (as a transitory measure, a very slightly overshot mouth is permissible).

· Not a solid colour (albino, brindle, patches, spots, black and tan, saddled pattern).

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

REMARK : Any artificial physical alteration to the Shar Pei (in particular lips and eyelids) eliminates the dog from competition.

PERUVIAN HAIRLESS DOG (Perro sin pelo del Perú) Foto

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : According to certain experts, this dog was introduced in Peru during the Chinese immigration, soon after the promulgation of the law abolishing the slavery of the blacks by the president of Peru, Don Ramón Castilla. On the other hand, other searchers suppose that this dog comes from the African continent through the intermediary of nomads who arrived in America accompanied by their hairless dogs. Another possible explanation is that the presence of this dog would be due to the migration of men and their dogs from Asia to America through the Bering Strait.

However, next to all these suppositions, there are certain proofs such as the representations which appear on ceramics of different pre-Inca civilisations (Vicus, Mochica, Chancay, Chancay, under Tiahuanacoid influence, Chimu); in many cases the hairless dog has replaced the Puma, the snake or the falcon, this in particular and in a more evident way in the Chancay culture. As we can gather from the reproductions, the hairless dog appears during the pre-Inca archeological periods, i.e. between the years 300 BC and the years 1400 AC.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Going by his general conformation, it is an elegant and slim dog, whose aspect expresses speed, strength and harmony without ever appearing coarse. This breed has, as a fundamental characteristic, the absence of hair all over the body. Another particular feature is that the dentition is nearly always incomplete. Of noble and affectionate nature with those nearest to him, he is reserved towards strangers, lively, alert and a good guard.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The ratio between the height at the withers and the length of the body is of 1:1; the body of the females can be slightly longer than that of the males.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Noble and affectionate at home with those close to him, at the same time lively and alert; he is wary and a good guard in presence of strangers.

Skull : Mesocephalic. Orthoïd, i.e. the upper axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel; a slight divergence is accepted. Seen from above, the skull is broad and the head tapers toward the nose. The superciliary arches are moderately developed. The occipital crest is hardly marked.

Nose : The colour of the nose must be in harmony with the different colours of the skin.

Jaws/Teeth : The incisors are in scissor bite and the canines developed normally. The absence of one or all the premolars and molars is accepted. The lower jaw is only slightly developed.

Eyes : Alert and intelligent expression. The eyes must be of average dimensions, slightly almond shaped, neither deep-set nor prominent, normally and regularly placed, i.e. neither too close together nor too wide apart. The colour can vary from black, going through all shades of brown up to yellow, in harmony with the skin colour. In any case, both eyes must be of the same colour. The colour of the eyelids may go from black to pink in subjects with light coloured face. The light pink colours are admitted but not sought after.

Ears : The ears must be pricked when the dog is attentive, whereas at rest, they are laid towards the back. The ears are of medium length; broad at the base, tapering progressively towards their tip, ending almost pointed. The ear set starts on the upper part of the skull to end laterally and obliquely. In erect position, the axes of the ears form an variable angle near 90°.

Skin : Fine, smooth and elastic. Really close to the subcutaneous tissues. No dewlap.

Topline : Straight, although certain subjects show a dorsal-lumbar convexity which disappears at croup level.

Back : Topline straight, with well developed back muscles often forming all along the back a muscular bi-convexity which extends to the lumbar region.

Lumbar region : Strong and well muscled. Its length reaches approximately 1/5 of the height at the withers.

Croup : Its upper profile is slightly convex. Its slant compared with the horizontal is about 40°. Its solid and well muscled conformation assures a good impulsion.

Chest : Seen from the front, the chest must have a good amplitude, but without excess; comes down almost to the elbow. The ribs must be lightly sprung, never flat. The girth of the chest, measured behind the elbows, must exceed by about 18% the height at the withers.

Underline and Belly : The lower profile draws an elegant and well marked line which goes from the lower part of the chest and rises along the belly which must be well tucked up, but without excess.

TAIL : The tail is set on low. Of good thickness at its root, it tapers towards its tip. When excited, the dog can carry the tail raised in a round curve above the backline, but never as curved as being rolled up. At rest, it hangs with a slight upward hook at the tip. Sometimes carried tucked in towards the abdomen. In length it almost reaches the hock. The tail must not be docked.

FOREQUARTERS : Well united with the body. Seen from the front, they are perfectly vertical and the elbows are not turned out. The angle at the shoulders joint varies between 100° and 120°. Seen in profile, the angle formed by the pastern and the vertical will be from 15° to 20°.

Forefeet : They are semi-long and look like hare-feet. The pads are strong and heat-resistant. The interdigital membranes are well developed. The black dogs have preferably black nails and the lighter dogs light nails.

HINDQUARTERS : The muscles are rounded and elastic. The curve of the buttocks is well marked. The coxal-femoral angle varies between 120° and 130°, and the femoral-tibial angle must be of 140°. Seen from behind, the hindquarters must be vertical. Dewclaws must be eliminated.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Given the structure and angulations of the above mentioned quarters, these dogs move with a rather short step, but fast and at the same time quite soft and flexible.

SKIN : The skin must be smooth and elastic all over the body, but can form a few rounded almost concentric lines on the head and round the eyes and the cheeks. It has been checked that the internal and external temperature of these dogs is exactly the same as that of other breeds. The absence of hair leads to an immediate and direct emanation of heat, different from the hairy subjects, where the heat filters through the coat (hair) by natural ventilation.

HAIR : To deserve the name of hairless dog, the coat (hair) must be non-existant. Vestiges of hair on the head and at the extremities of the legs and the tail are admitted and, sometimes, a few rare hairs appear on the back.

COLOUR : The colour of the hair can vary from black in black dogs, slate black, elephant black, bluish black, the whole scale of greys, dark brown going to light blond.

All those colours can be uniform or show pinkish patches at all points of the body.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.