ORIGIN : Japan.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 1987.

UTILIZATION : Companion dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 5   Spitz and primitive type.

                                              Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds.           

                                              Without working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The origin of the Japanese Spitz is said to be the large-sized white German Spitz brought to Japan around 1920 via the continent of Siberia and northeast part of China. Around the year 1921 the breed was first exhibited at a dog show in Tokyo.

Subsequently, in 1925, two pairs of white Spitz were imported from Canada, and until around 1936, imports came from Canada, the U.S., Australia and China. Eventually their offspring were crossbred to produce a better breed. After the 2nd World War, the unified breed standard was established by the Japan Kennel Club in 1948 to be valid to the present.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Covered with profuse pure white coat, with pointed muzzle, triangular pricked ears, and feathering tail over back. The constitution tough and the whole well balanced, its harmonious beauty causing spirit and dignity peculiar to this breed, and expressing elegance.

IMPORTANT PROPORTION : The ratio of height at withers to length of body is 10 : 11.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Intelligent, cheerful, keen in sense. Noisy not permitted.

HEAD : Size in balance to body, moderately broad and rounded.

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Forehead moderately developed. Rear part of skull broadest.

Stop : Defined.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : Small, round and black.

Muzzle : Pointed, the tip slightly round, and well balanced. Lips tight and preferably black.

Jaws/Teeth : Teeth white and strong with scissor bite.

Eyes : Moderately large, almond-shaped, set slightly oblique, dark in colour. Black eyerims.

Ears : Set on high, small, triangular, pricked, facing forward, and not too far apart.

NECK : Moderately long, muscles well developed.

BODY :

Withers : High.

Back : Straight and short.

Loins : Broad.

Chest : Wide and deep, ribs well sprung.

Belly : Well tucked up.

TAIL : Set on high, moderately long, carried over back.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : Shoulders well sloping, forearms straight, elbows tight.

HINDQUARTERS : Muscular, stifle and hock moderately bent.

FEET : Cat-feet. Pads thick, and desirably black as well as the nails.

GAIT/MOVEMENT : Quick and active.

COAT

HAIR : Outer coat straight and stand-off. Undercoat short, soft and dense. The foreface, ears, front of forearms and part below hocks are short haired, and the rest covered with abundant long coat, especially from neck to shoulders and forechest covered with beautiful frill, and the tail also has long profuse feathering.

COLOUR : Pure white.

SIZE  :

Height at withers : Dogs 30-38 cm.

                            Bitches slightly smaller than dogs.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

·      Overshot or undershot mouth.

·      Strongly curled tail.

·      Shyness; noisiness.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

·      Drop ears.

·      Tail not carried on back.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

ORIGIN : USA.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE VALID ORIGINAL STANDARD : 14.02.1995.

UTILIZATION : Retriever equally proficient on land and in the water.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 8   Retrievers - Flushing Dogs - Water Dogs.

                                              Section 1 Retrievers.

                                              With working trial.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Equally proficient on land and in the water, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was developed along the Chesapeake Bay to hunt waterfowl under the most adverse weather and water conditions, often having to break ice during the course of many strenuous multiple retrieves. Frequently the Chesapeake must face wind, tide and long cold swims in its work. The breed's characteristics are specifically suited to enable the Chesapeake to function with ease, efficiency and endurance. In head, the Chesapeake's skull is broad and round with a medium stop. The  jaws should be of sufficient length and strength to carry large  game birds with an easy, tender hold. The double coat consists of a short, harsh, wavy outer coat and a dense, fine, wooly undercoat containing an abundance of natural oil and is ideally suited for the icy rugged conditions of weather the Chesapeake often works in. In body, the Chesapeake is a strong, well-balanced, powerfully built animal of moderate size and medium length in body and leg, deep and wide in chest, the shoulders built with full liberty of movement, and with no tendency to weakness in any feature, particularly the rear. The power though, should not be at the expense of agility or stamina.

Size and substance should not be excessive as this is a working retriever of an active nature. Distinctive features include eyes that are very clear, of yellowish or amber hue, hindquarters as high or a trifle higher than the shoulders, and a double coat which tends to wave on shoulders, neck, back and loins only.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Height from the top of the shoulder blades to the ground should be slightly less than the body length from the breastbone to the point of buttocks. Depth of body should extend at least to the elbow. Shoulder to elbow and elbow to ground should be equal.

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT : The Chesapeake is valued for its bright and happy disposition, intelligence, quiet good sense, and affectionate protective nature. Courage, willingness to work, alertness, nose, intelligence, love of water, general quality and, most of all, disposition should be given primary consideration in the selection and breeding of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever.

Extreme shyness or extreme aggressive tendencies are not desirable in the breed either as a gun dog or companion.

HEAD :

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Broad and round.

Stop : Medium stop.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : Nasal bridge medium short.

Muzzle : Approximately the same length as the skull, tapering pointed but not sharp.

Lips : Thin, not pendulous.

Jaws/Teeth : Scissors bite is preferred, but a level bite is acceptable.

Eyes : Are to be medium large, very clear, of yellowish or amber color and wide apart. Intelligent expression. 

Ears : Are to be small, set well up on the head, hanging loosely, and of medium leather.

NECK : Should be of medium length with a strong muscular appearance, tapering to the shoulders.

BODY : Of medium length, neither cobby nor roached, but rather approaching hollowness from underneath as the flanks should be well tucked up.

Topline : Should show the hindquarters to be as high as or a trifle higher than the shoulders.

Back : Short, well coupled and powerful.

Chest : Strong, deep and wide. Rib cage barrel, round and deep.

TAIL : Of medium length; medium heavy at the base. The tail should be straight or slightly curved and should not curl over back or side kink.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : There should be no tendency to weakness in the forequarters. They are medium in length and straight, showing good bone and muscle. The front legs should appear straight when viewed from front or rear.

Shoulders : Should be sloping with full liberty of action, plenty of power and without any restrictions of movement.

Pasterns : Slightly bent and of medium length. Dewclaws may be removed.

HINDQUARTERS : Good hindquarters are essential. They should show fully as much power as the forequarters. There should be no tendency to weakness in the  hindquarters. Hindquarters should be especially powerful to supply the driving power for swimming. Legs should be medium length and straight, showing good bone and muscle. The hind legs should look straight when viewed from the front or rear. Dewclaws, if any, must be removed from the hind legs.

Stifles : Well angulated.

Hocks : The distance from hock to ground should be of medium length.

FEET : Well webbed harefeet, of good size with toes well-rounded and close.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : The gait should be smooth, free and effortless, giving the impression of great  power and strength. When viewed from the side, there should  be good reach with no restrictions of movement in the front and plenty of drive in the rear, with good flexion of the stifle and hock  joints. Coming at you, there should  be no sign of elbows being out. When the Chesapeake is moving away from you, there should be no sign of cowhockness from the rear. As speed increases, the feet tend to converge toward a center line of gravity.

COAT :

HAIR : Coat should  be thick and short, nowhere over 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) long, with a dense, fine, woolly undercoat. Hair on the face and legs should be very short and straight with a tendency to wave on the shoulders, neck, back and loins only. Moderate feathering on rear of hindquarters and tail is permissible. The texture of the Chespeake's coat is very important, as the Chesapeake is used for hunting under all sorts of adverse weather conditions, often working in ice and snow. The oil in the harsh outer coat and woolly undercoat is of extreme value in preventing the cold water from reaching the Chesapeake's skin and aids in quick drying. AChesapeake's coat should resist the water in the same way that a duck's feathers do. When the Chesapeake leaves the water and shakes, the coat should not hold water at all, being merely moist.

COLOUR : The colour of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever must be as nearly that of its working surroundings as possible. Any colour of brown, sedge or deadgrass is acceptable, self-coloured Chesapeakes being preferred. One colour is not to be preferred over another. A white spot on the breast, belly, toes, or back of the feet (immediately above the large pad) is permissible, but the smaller the spot the better, solid coloured preferred. The colour of the coat and its texture must be given every consideration when judging on the  bench or in the  ring. Honorable scars are not to be penalized.

SIZE AND WEIGHT :

Height : Males     should measure 23 to 26 inches; (58-66cm);

             Females should measure 21 to 24 inches; (53-61cm).

Oversized or undersized animals are to be severely penalized.

Weight : Males should weigh 65 to 80 pounds (29,5-36,5 kg); females should weigh 55 to 70 pounds (25-32kg).

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

·      Specimens lacking in breed characteristics.

·      Teeth overshot or undershot.

·      Declaws on the hind legs.

·      Coat curly or with a tendency to curl all over the body.

·      Feathering on the tail or legs over 1 3/4 inches (4,5 cm) long.

·      Black coloured.

·      White on any part of the body except breast, belly, toes, or back of feet.

The question of the coat and general type of balance takes precedence over any scoring table which could be drawn up. The Chesapeake should be well proportioned, an animal with a good coat and well balanced in other points being preferable to one excelling in some but weak in others.

SCALE OF POINTS :

·      Head, including lips, ears and eyes                   16

·      Neck                                                               4

·      Shoulders and body                                         12

·      Hindquarters and stifles                                   12

·      Elbows, legs and feet                                       12

·      Colour                                                              4

·      Stern and tail                                                   10

·      Coat and texture                                              18

·      General conformation                                       12

                                                                    __________

                                                                          100

APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENTS :

 INCHES

·      Length head, nose to occiput                        9½ to 10

·      Girth at ears                                                20 to 21

·      Muzzle below eyes                                     10 to 10½

·      Length of ears                                             4½ to 5

·      Width between eyes                                   2½ to 2¾

·      Girth neck close to shoulder                         20 to 22

·      Girth at flank                                               24 to 25

·      Length from occiput to tail base                    34 to 35

·      Girth upper thigh                                          19 to 20

·      From root to root of ear, over skull                 5 to 6

·      Occiput to top shoulder blades                       9 to 9½

·      From elbow to elbow over the shoulders        25 to 26

N.B. : Males should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

ORIGIN : Great-Britain.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 24.06.1987.

UTILIZATION : Watch and security dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2      Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.

                                              Section 2.1 Molossoid breeds, Mastiff type.

                                              Without working trial.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Head, in general outline, giving a square appearance when viewed from any point. Breadth greatly desired; in ratio to length of whole head and face as 2/3. Body massive, broad, deep, long, powerfully built, on legs wide apart and squarely set. Muscles sharply defined. Size a great desideratum, if combined with quality. Height and substance important if both points are proportionately combined. Large, massive, powerful, symmetrical, well-knit frame.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : A combination of grandeur and courage. Calm, affectionate to owners, but capable of guarding.

HEAD

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Skull broad between ears, forehead flat, but wrinkled when attention is excited. Brows (superciliary ridges) slightly raised. Muscles of temples and cheeks (temporal and masseter) well developed. Arch across skull of a rounded, flattened curve, with depression up centre of forehead from median line between eyes, to halfway up saggital suture.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : Nose broad, with widely spreading nostrils when viewed from front, flat (not pointed or turned up) in profile.

Muzzle : Face or muzzle short, broad under eyes, and keeping nearly parallel in width to end of nose; truncated, i.e. blunt and cut off squarely, thus forming a right-angle with upper line of face, of great depth from point of nose to under jaw. Length of muzzle to whole head and face as 1/3. Circumference of muzzle (measured mid-way between eyes and nose) to that of head (measured before the ears) as 3/5.

Lips: Lips diverging at obtuse angles with septum, and slightly pendulous so as to show a square profile.

Jaws/Teeth : Under jaw broad to end. Canine teeth healthy; powerful and wide apart; incisors level or lower projecting beyond upper but never so much as to become visible when mouth is closed.

Eyes : Small, wide apart, divided by at least space of two eyes. Stop between eyes well marked but not too abrupt. Colour hazel brown, darker the better, showing no haw.

Ears : Small, thin to touch, wide apart, set on at highest points of sides of skull, so as to continue outline across summit, and lying flat and close to cheeks when in repose.

NECK : Slightly arched, moderately long, very muscular, and measuring in circumference about one or two inches less than skull before ears.

BODY : 

Back and loins : Back and loins wide and muscular; flat and very wide in bitch, slightly arched in dog.

Chest : Chest wide, deep and well let down between forelegs. Ribs arched and well rounded. False ribs deep and well set back to hips. Girth one-third more than height at shoulder.

Belly : Great depth of flanks.

TAIL : Set on high, and reaching to hocks, or a little below them, wide at its root and tapering to end, hanging straight in repose, but forming a curve with end pointing upwards, but not over back, when dog is excited.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : Legs straight, strong and set wide apart; bones being large.

Shoulder and arm : Shoulder and arm slightly sloping, heavy and muscular.

Elbows : Elbows square.

Pasterns : Pasterns upright.

HINDQUARTERS : Broad, wide and muscular.

Second thigh : Well-developed second thighs.

Hock : Hocks bent, wide apart, and quite squarely set when standing or walking.

FEET : Large and round. Toes well arched. Nails black.

GAIT / MOVEMENT  : Powerful, easy extension.

COAT

HAIR : Short and close-lying, but not too fine over shoulders, neck and back.

COLOUR : Apricot-fawn, silver-fawn, fawn, or dark fawn-brindle. In any case, muzzle, ears and nose should be black round orbits, and extending upwards between them.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard N° 265 / 12. 03. 1999 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

NORWEGIAN LUNDEHUND (Norsk Lundehund)     Foto

TRANSLATION : Norsk Kennel Club.

ORIGIN : Norway.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 12.03.1999.

UTILIZATION : By his anatomical peculiarities this dog is predestinated to puffin-hunting on the steep rocks around the fjords and along the shore.

CLASSIFICATION FCI : Group 5    Spitz and primitive types.

                                           Section 2  Nordic Hunting Dogs.

                                           Without working trial.

GENERAL APPEARANCE  : Spitz type dog, small, rectangular, supple, rather lightly made; morphological characteristics different according to sex.

BEHAVIOUR /CHARACTER : Alert, energetic, lively.

HEAD : Clean-cut, medium  width, wedge shaped.

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Slightly rounded with prominent superciliary arches.  

Stop : Pronounced, but without excess.

FACIAL REGION :

Muzzle : Wedge shaped of medium length. Nasal bridge slightly convex.   

Jaws / Teeth : Scissor bite preferred, but a pincer bite or a moderate prognathism of the lower jaw is permitted. The absence of premolars on both sides, in each jaw, is accepted.

Eye : Slightly sloping and not protruding; the iris is yellowish brown; the pupil is encircled by a dark halo.

Ears : Triangular ears of medium size, broad at the base, carried erect and very mobile. The cartilage of the ear lobe has the faculty of being able to retract itself so that the ear folds itself and flops in a specific manner, either backwards or in right angle upwards, so as to close the auditory passage.

NECK : Clean-cut, of medium length, quite strong with a relatively well furnished collar.

BODY : Rectangular.

Topline : Straight.

Back : Strong.

Croup : Slightly sloping.

Chest : Long, of medium width, relatively well let down and spacious, not barrel shaped. 

Belly : Slightly drawn up.

TAIL : Set high, medium length, well covered with hair but without flag. Carried either in a ring or slightly rolled over onto the back, or hanging. The tip must not be too much over nor falling to one side.

LIMBS :

FOREQUARTERS :

General appearance : Moderately angulated.

Forearm : Straight. 

Fore feet : Oval shaped, turning slightly outwards, with at least six toes - of which five must rest on the ground. Eight pads on each foot. The two inner toes, formed respectively by 3 and 2 phalanges and endowed with a ligamentary and muscular system, make the foot look solid.

HINDQUARTERS :

General appearance : The position of the hindquarters is somewhat close.

Upper thigh : Strong and muscular.

Stifles : Moderately angulated.

Lower thigh : Strong and muscular.

Hindfeet : Oval shaped, turned slightly outwards, with at least six toes - four of which must rest on the ground. Seven pads on each foot, the one in the middle, the most  important one by its size, being attached to the inner pads corresponding to the two inner toes. When the dog is standing up on a flat surface, the weight of the body must be evenly distributed on the pads. 

GAIT/MOVEMENT : Light and elastic. An external rotary action of the forelegs and somewhat close action behind is characteristic of  the breed.

COAT

HAIR : Dense and  rough, soft undercoat. Short on the head and the front of the legs, more abundant at the  level of the neck, rear of the buttocks (thighs) and on the tail, but without flag.

COLOUR : Always combined with white: from red to fawn, coat more or less sprinkled with hairs with black tips; black; grey; white with dark patches. The adult usually has more marked black tips in the coat than the younger dog.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT :

Height at withers : Male :    35 - 38 cm.

                            Female : 32 - 35 cm.                 

Weight : Male :    about 7 kg.

             Female : about 6 kg.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and  the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

ELIMINATING FAULT :

·      Aggressiveness.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

© Copyright by Yvonne Soomers-Marell