FCI Standard 211

FCI-Standard N° 211 (breed cancelled) (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

CANADIAN ESKIMO DOG (Esquimau) Foto

The breed standard for the Canadian Eskimo Dog is the longest of the standards recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club. By the FCI the breed is cancelled.

Due to the variety of colours, size, and coat type many individuals have problems recognizing a true Canadian Eskimo Dog. This section will inform you of some of the more recognizable features that are common to a Canadian Eskimo Dog.

Height: Male: 27 1/2" inches at the shoulder.

Female: 23" inches at the shoulder.

Weight: Male: The range is 60-105 lbs (27-48 kg), but closer to 88 lbs (39 kg) when in working condition.

Female: The range is 60-80 lbs (28-29Kg), but closer to 65 lbs (39 kg) when in working condition.

Coat Type: It's long outer coat, curved tail, and dense undercoat allow it to work in the world's harshest and coldest environments.

Coat Colour: Any colour or combination of colours are permitted. The most common are black, white, red, gray, silver, and cinnamon (lighter red).

Eye Colour: Eyes can be any colour except blue. The most common are dark brown, black and yellow.

Temperament: The Canadian Eskimo Dog requires firm training, and it is essential for this breed as they are very determined. They have a hard-earned instinct for survival.

Head:

The Eskimos dogs head should be broad and wedge shaped.

The muzzle is tapered and medium length.

Eyes are small, wide spaced and place obliquely in the head.

The ears are short, thick and have a slightly rounded end. They are carried erect, turned forward and are covered with dense short hair.

Tail:

The tail is large and bushy and generally carried up or curled over the back. Mature Bitches may on occasion carry their tail down.

Limbs:

The hips on the Eskimo dog appear as pronounced and bony as the spine, and are about the same height as the withers.

The legs will be very muscular with the thigh being carried well down towards the hock.

The stifles are well bent.

The Hind feet are similar in design to the front but slightly longer. From the rear the legs will appear straight with the hocks turning neither in or out.

Disqualifications: Blue eyes, dewclaws on the rear legs, floppy ear, the exception being battle torn ears; clipping or altering the coat by scissoring; no evidence at all of a curled or upright tail in male dogs (recognizing that a tail may occasionally be kept down as a sign of subordination or stress); excessive undershot or overshot jaw.

Special Interest: Watching some of these Canadian Eskimo Dog directly out of the Yukon eat can be a startling experience: they can catch an 18-inch frozen fish and down it completely in two bites. It happens so fast, the fish never even touches the ground.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The name Samoyed derives from the Samoyed Tribes in Northern Russia and Siberia. In Southern parts of the area they used white, black and brown parti-coloured dogs as reindeer herders; in the northern parts the dogs were pure white, had a mild temperament and were used as hunting- and sledge dogs. The Samoyed dogs lived close to their owners, they even slept within the shelters and were used as heaters. The British zoologist Ernest Kilburn Scott spent three months among Samoyed Tribes in 1889. Returning to England he brought with him a brown male puppy called « Sabarka ». Later he imported a cream coloured bitch called « Whitey Petchora » from the western side of the Urals and a snow white male called « Musti » from Siberia. These few dogs and those brought by the explorers are the base for the western Samoyed. The first standard was written in England in 1909.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium in size, elegant, a white Arctic Spitz. In appearence gives the impression of power, endurance, charm, suppleness, dignity and self-confidence. The expression, the so called « Samoyed Smile », is made up of a combination of eye shape and position, and the slightly curved up corners of the mouth. The sex should be clearly stamped.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The length of the body is approximately 5% more than the height at the withers. The depth of the body is slightly less than the half of the height at the withers. The muzzle is approximately as long as the skull.

BEHAVIOUR AND TEMPERAMENT : Friendly, open, alert and lively. The hunting instinct is very slight. Never shy nor aggressive. Very social and cannot be used as guard dog.

Skull : viewed from the front and in profile only slightly convex. Broadest between the ears. Slightly visible furrow between the eyes.

Nose : Well developed, preferably black. During some periods of the year the pigment of the nose can fade to a so called « winter nose »; there must however always be dark pigment at the edges of the nose.

Muzzle : Strong and deep, approximately as long as the skull, gradually tapering towards the nose, neither snipey nor heavy and square. The bridge of the nose is straight.

Lips : Close fitting, black and rather full. The corners of the mouth are slightly curved forming the characteristic « Samoyed Smile ».

Jaws/Teeth : Regular and complete scissor bite. The teeth and the jaws are strong. Normal dentition.

Eyes : Dark brown in colour, well-set in the sockets, placed rather apart, somewhat slanting and almond-shaped. The expression is « smiling », kind, alert and intelligent. The eyerims are black.

Ears : Erect, rather small, thick, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips. They should be mobile, set high; due to the broad skull well apart.

BODY : Slightly longer than the height at the withers, deep and compact but supple.

Back : Of medium length, muscular and straight; in females slightly longer than in males.

Chest : Broad, deep and long, reaching almost to the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.

TAIL : Set rather high. When the dog is alert and in motion the tail is carried bent from the root forward over the back or side, but may be hanging at rest, then reaching to the hocks.

General appearance : Well placed and muscular with strong bones. Viewed from the front straight and parallel.

Upper arm : Oblique and close to the body. Approximately as long as the shoulder.

Fore Feet : Oval with long toes, flexible and pointing straight forward. Toes arched and not too tightly knit. Elastics pads.

General appearance : Viewed from behind straight and parallel with very strong muscles.

GAIT : Powerful, free and tireless in appearance with long stride. Good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters.

HAIR : Profuse, thick, flexible and dense polar coat. The Samoyed is a double coated dog with short, soft and dense undercoat and longer, more harsh and straight outer coat. The coat should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders framing the head, especially in males. On head and on front of legs, hair is short and smooth; on outside of ears short, standing off and smooth. Inside the ears should be well furred. On back of the thighs the hair forms trousers. There should be a protective growth of hair between the toes. The tail should be profusely covered with hair. The coat of the female is often shorter and softer in texture than that of the male. The correct coat texture should always have a special glistening sheen.

COLOUR : Pure white, cream or white with biscuit. (The basic colour to be white with a few biscuit markings). Should never give the impression of being pale brown.

Height at withers : Ideal height : male 57 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm and females 53 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

COLOR: Light to dark red, more or less dark-streaked; face with or without dark mask.

Schweisshund literally means bloodhound, which is a generic term for a dog, such as the Hanoverian or Bavarian, that follows a bloodtrail. When large game is wounded during a hunt, it may travel many miles in heavy cover only to hide and die a long, slow death. The development of dogs for trailing the wounded animal are common on the Continent. The honor code of the German hunter demands an obligation to find all shot game—dead or wounded. A deer injured with an arrow or bullet may leave only occasional drops of blood many yards apart. The dogs, although brought in even hours later, can follow the cold trail for many miles and lead the hunter to the wounded animal. Sometimes the search goes on for days, but it is never aban-doned until the wounded animal is found, dead or alive. This sort of hunting, actually trailing, is not often employed in the USA. It requires a dog with an excellent cold nose and great cold-trailing ability.

The Hanoverian was developed in the 19th century by gamekeepers around the city of Hanover in Upper Saxony, including the central plains of Germany. The breed fathers started with heavy tracking hounds known since the fifth century, like the Solling-Leitbracke, which was a close kin to the St. Hubert and other hounds of the Segusian type. These were crossed with lighter type Celtic Bracken, such as the Haidbracke and hounds from the Harz to create the modern form.

The Hanoverian is specifically a big-game tracking and trailing dog of superb nose, although quite slow on the move. His body is low on leg and heavy for his height. He carries some flew, but his hallmark is the huge stiff ear set rather high on the head. The Hanoverian has the marvelous nose necessary for bloodtrailing, and he is also an able assistant on live game. Although hunted in packs long ago, he is now usually worked singly. His blood flows in the veins of many of the European utility gun dogs, which is where these latter dogs inherited their nose, tracking ability and perseverance.

The Hanoverian is valued beyond rubies by gamekeepers and forest wardens. Even though gun dogs like the German Shorthair are trained to bloodtrail, if these non-specialists fail to find a wounded animal, the Hanoverian may be brought in - sometimes days later - and put on the trail. No wounded animal is left to waste in the forest.

One current German forester proudly tells of starting his Hanoverian on a track more than a week old. Over several days, they followed the trail 30 miles, finally successfully finding the quarry.

These dogs are calm, quiet, poised and very attached to their master and family. But when hunting, they are "hard, single-minded and persistent." They are highly specialized and must be worked steadily to bring out the best of their talents. Thus, they are not dogs for the casual hunter. Most are owned and utilized by foresters and game wardens.

OTHER NAMES : Hellinikos Ichnilatis; Chien Courant Grec; Griechischer Laufhund; Sabueso Helenico.

UTILIZATION : Hound with a fine sense of smell and of great resistance; he is an acitve hunter either alone or in a pack and responds completely in all terrains of lowland or mountains and even in the more rocky and unworkable terrains; his voice is resonant and harmonious.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 6        Scent hounds and related breeds.
                                              Section 1.2   Medium sized Hounds.
                                              With working trial.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium sized dog, short haired, black and tan, strong, vigorous, lively, keen.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT : The height at the withers for the males is from 47 to 55 cm and the females from 45 to 53 cm. Tolerance of more or less 2 cm. The weight is of 17 to 20 kg.

Colour : Black and tan. A small white patch on the chest is tolerated. The mucous membranes visible, the nose and the nails black.

HEAD : Long, its total length reaches the 4,35 : 10 of the height at the withers. The width of the skull must not be more than the half of the total length of the head, i.e. the total cephalic index must be less than 50. The upper cranial lines and the muzzle are divergent.

Skull : Its length is equal or a little less than the length of the muzzle; of fairly flat shape. The occipital protuberance only slightly evident. Forehead quite broad. Medial furrow not very marked. Superciliary arches high.

Muzzle : Straight or, in the males, slightly bowed (arched), its length is equal or a little more than that of the skull. Stop not very pronounced. Nose on the muzzle line, overhanging the forward vertical lip line, humid, mobile and black. Nostrils well open.

Jaws and lips : Strong jaws meeting perfectly either in scissor or pincer bite, strong white teeth. Lips rather developed.

Eyes : Normal size, neither deep set nor prominent, brown colour with lively and intelligent expression.

Ears : Of medium length, (almost half the length of the head), set on high, i.e. above the zygomatic arches, flat, rounded at the lower extremity and hanging vertically.

NECK : Powerful, muscled, without dewlap, descending harmoniously towards the shoulders. Its length is nearly 6,5 : 10 of the total length of the head.

BODY : The length of the body is 10% more than the height at the withers. Topline of the body is straight and slightly convex at the loins; the lower line slightly rising.

TAIL : Not long, at maximum reaching the point of the hock, set rather high, thick at the root and tapering slightly towards its tip; in movement carried sabre fashion.

FOREQUARTERS : Good straight legs from the front and in profile, well muscled and robust.

Shoulders : Sloping, well muscled and close to the thorax.
Arms : Oblique, muscular and robust.

Front feet : Rounded, compact; strong toes, close, arched; strong nails, curved, black; pads large, hard, tough.

HINDQUARTERS : Good, straight vertical seen from behind and in profile; well muscled and robust.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

- Muzzle short and broad.
- Ears too long or too short, pointed, twisted.
- Neck too short, thin or too thick, with dewlap.
- Upper line convex or concave.
- Lower line very let down or too drawn up.
- Loins flat, narrow.
- Rump short, narrow, not sloping.
- Cow or barrel hocks.
- Pasterns and hocks too short or too long, thin, hollow.
- Harefeet.
- Tail long, haevy, curly.

- Height at the withers over or under the indications of the standard.
- Other colour than that specified for the coat, the nose, the eyes and the nails.
- Total depigmentation of the visible mucous membranes.
- Nasal bridge concave, muzzle very pointed.
- Overshot or undershot mouth.
- Convergence of the upper longitudinal axes of the skull and the nasal bridge.
- Ears semi-erect.
- Legs out of vertical.
- Dewclaws.
- Tail curled up.

General appearance..................20 points
Head (skull and muzzle)............15 points
Eyes..........................................5 points
Ears...........................................5 points
Neck..........................................5 points
Body........................................15 points
Legs........................................20 points
Tail...........................................5 points
Coat........................................10 points
--------------
100 points

Excellent : points not less than 90 points.
Very good : points not less than 80 points.
Good : points not less than 70 points.
Fair : points not less than 60 points.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard N° 215 / 11. 05. 1998 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

BICHON FRISE (Bichon à poil frisé) Foto

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Merry and playful little dog, with a lively gait, medium length muzzle, long very loose corkskrew-curled hair, very like the coat of the Mongolian goat. Head carriage is proud and high, the eyes dark, lively and expressive.

Skull : Rather flat to the touch although the furnishings makes it appear round. The skull longer than the muzzle.

Muzzle : The muzzle must not be thick nor heavy, without however being snipey. The furrow between the superciliary arches slightly visible.

Lips : The lips are fine, rather lean, less however than in the Schipperke, falling only enough so as to cover the lower lip, but never heavy nor pendulous; they are normally black up to the corner of the lips; the lower lip must not be heavy nor visible, nor slack and does not allow the mucous membranes to be seen when the mouth is closed.

Jaws/Teeth : Bite normal, i.e. the incisors of the lower jaw are placed immediately against and behind the point of the teeth in the upper jaw.

Eyes : Dark eyes, as much as possible with dark eyelids, of a rather round shape and not almond shaped; not placed obliquely; lively, not too big, not showing any white. Neither large nor prominent as in the Griffon Bruxellois and the Pekingese; the socket must not bulge. The eyeball must not stand out too much.

Ears : Drooping, well furnished with finely curled long hairs, carried rather forward when the dog is attentive, but in such a way that the front edge touches the skull and does not stand away obliquely; the length of the cartilage must not, like in the Poodle, extend to the nose, but stops halfway of the length of the muzzle. The ears are anyway not as broad and finer than the Poodle’s.

NECK : Reach of neck is fairly long, carried high and proudly. Round and fine near the skull, broadening gradually to merge smoothly into the shoulders. Its length is approximately a third of the length of the body (proportion of 11 cm to 33 cm for a dog of 27 cm high), the points of the shoulder blades against the withers taken as basis.

Chest : Well developed; the sternum is pronounced; the false ribs rounded and do not end abruptly, the chest having horizontally a rather great depth.

Flanks : The flanks are well tucked up at the belly; the skin is fine and not loose, giving quite a whippety appearance.

TAIL : The tail is set a little more below the back line than in the Poodle. Normally the tail is carried raised and gracefully curved in line with the spine, without being rolled up; it is not docked and must not be in contact with the back; however the tail furnishings may fall onto the back.

FOREQUARTERS : Seen from the front, forelegs really straight and perpendicular; fine bone.

Shoulder : The shoulder is fairly slanted, not prominent, giving the appearance of being the same length as the upper arm, about 10 cm.

Pastern : Short and straight seen from the front; very slightly oblique seen in profile.

FEET : Sinewy. Nails preferably black; it is however an ideal difficult to obtain.

SKIN : The pigmentation beneath the white coat is preferably dark; the genitals are then pigmented either black, bluish or beige.

HAIR : Fine, silky, very loose corkscrew curls looking like the coat (fur) of the Mongolian goat, neither flat nor corded and 7 to 10 cm long.

SIZE : The height at the withers should not exceed 30 cm, the small size being an element of success.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Prognathism (undershot-overshot) so developed to the extent that the incisors do not touch.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.