FCI Standard 151

FCI-Standard N° 151 / 10. 04. 2002 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

ISTRIAN SHORT-HAIRED SCENT HOUND (Istarski Kratkodlaki Gonič) Foto

TRANSLATION : Mrs. Pamela Jeans-Brown.

ORIGIN : Croatia.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 25.10.2000.

UTILIZATION : A scent hound par excellence, particularly fitted for hare and fox hunting. It can also be used as a leash hound. Its constitution is ideally suited to the vast open terrain in Istria.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 6 Scent hounds and related breeds.

Section 1.2 Medium sized scent hounds.

With working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The origin of this breed of hound, native to Istria, is ancient beyond memory, Frescoes (1474, chapel dedicated to St.Mary at Beram, near Pazin), paintings (e.g. Titian, early 18^th century) and chronicles (1719, Bishop Bakič of Djakovo) bear witness to the smooth-haired Istrian Hound’s antiquity. Owing to its excellent hunting qualities, it was exported from Istria to neighbouring regions. The first entries in the stud-book date from 1924. FCI accepted the breed in 1949, but it was not until 1973 that the first standard for the breed was published. Today, the short-haired Istrian Hound is frequently encountered in Istria and neighbouring regions, where hunters still appreciate it highly on account of its outstanding qualities.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Noble appearance with its snow-white coat broken by lemon markings. Short fine coat. Long narrow clean head. Supple body. Thin tail carried slightly curved like a sabre. Scent hound with a persistent baying, sharp, sonorous tongue.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Body length should be more than 10% greater than height at withers.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Gentle, docile, calm and very attached to its owner. Lively and enthusiastic when hunting.

HEAD : Length of head varies from 20 to 24 cm.

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Seen in profile, the occipital protuberance is pronounced and the frontal bone is slightly rounded. Seen from above, the frontal bone is elongated and rather narrow with an obvious frontal furrow.

Stop : Slight, with no abrupt break.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : Black or at least dark brown. Wide-open nostrils.

Muzzle : Long, broad at its base, tapering progressively towards the nose. Nasal bridge is straight.

Teeth : Strong, regular and complete scissor bite.

Eyes : Oval, neither sunken into sockets nor prominent. Iris colour as dark as possible. Lids black or brown. Bright eyes, full of expression.

Ears : Thin, broad set-on, a little above the level of the eyes, narrowing towards the tips. They are considered long if, when drawn forward along the muzzle, they reach the canine teeth. They should be at least semi-long, reaching to the superciliary arches.

NECK : Strong, slightly arched at the nape. The junction with the head is noticeable at the rear of the occipital protuberance. The neck is powerful and set obliquely into the body.

Length : From the occipital protuberance to the withers, the neck measures between 15 and 20 cm.

SKIN : Taut, without dewlap or wrinkles.

BODY : The topline slopes gently from the withers to the croup.

Back : Level, broad and muscled.

Loin : Short and broad.

Croup : Long and broad, horizontal or very slightly sloping, longer in females than in males. The hips are hardly perceptible. At the top of the croup the height should be about one finger’s breadth less than at the point of the withers.

Chest : Well let-down, it reaches at least to the elbows. Usually its circumference is about 12 cm more than the height at the withers. The ribs are well sprung. The chest is well-developed but the point of the sternum is hardly visible.

Belly and flank : The underline rises gently from the sternum to the groin and so the belly has a slight upsweep.

TAIL : Strong at the root, tapering towards the tip. The more slender the tail, the more noble the dog appears. Set on high, of medium length and rarely reaching below the hock joint. The tail is slightly curved upwards.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS :

Shoulder blade : Long, sloping, muscled and well-attached to the chest.

Elbow: Close to the body.

Forearm : Perfectly upright, well-muscled.

Carpus (Carpal joint) : Difficult to distinguish from the forearm.

Metacarpus (Pastern) : Straight, short. It can be slightly sloping but the angle with the vertical is never more than 10%.

Front feet : More like cat feet than hare feet, light with tight toes, pads rounded and firm, solid nails.

HINDQUARTERS : Seen from behind, the thigh, the leg, the hock tendon and the metatarsus are all on the same vertical axis.

Thigh : Short, broad and muscled.

Stifle : Patella broad and high set.

Lower thigh : Long, sloping and well-muscled.

Hock : Strong.

Metatarsus (Rear pastern) : Short, upright or very slightly sloping, forming an angle of 10-12 degrees with the vertical.

Hind feet : Similar to front feet but slightly longer.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Very smooth, even and free.

SKIN : Supple, close-fitting over all the body, with no folds and no wrinkles on forehead. Pinkish in colour.

COAT

HAIR : Short, fine, dense and glossy. Sometimes longer on the back of the thighs and on the underside of the tail but this is not sought after.

COLOUR : Ground colour snow white. Ears are usually orange, colour which goes beyond the base of the ears and reaches over both sides of the frontal bone as far as the eyes, giving the head its typical mask. A star is mentioned if there is a small or large mark of the same orange colour on the top of the forehead. The ears can also be speckled with orange marks, something which is particularly prized and is seen as an indication of pure breeding. Spots of lemon/orange more or less widespread, in fleckings or in ribbons can be found anywhere on the body but most often in the area at the root of the tail. These spots must never be so numerous as to impinge on the white ground coat. The actual tint of the spots must be pronounced, neither pale nor dark nor even brown, any of which would indicate cross-breeding. The presence of a third colour is unacceptable even if there are only a few hairs of this colour. The coat can also be totally white with no spots at all.

SIZE AND WEIGHT :

Height at withers : 44-56 cm.

Ideal height for males : 50 cm.

for females : 48 cm.

Weight : ca. 18 kg for an adult male.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

MINOR FAULTS :

· Partly pink nose or eyelid, nose with too pale a pigmentation.

· Back arched or slightly swayed.

· Croup too sloping.

· Belly too whippety or too full.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

· Disproportion between body length and height at withers.

· Head too short.

· Extensive unpigmented areas or total pink on nose and eyelids.

· Muzzle too short, too pointed or with twisted jaws.

· Undershot or overshot mouth.

· Incorrect bite.

· China eye.

· Very high ear set.

· Tail curled, carried to one side or corkscrew tail; tail too short or docked.

· Out at below.

· Crooked forelegs.

· Metacarpus very oblique.

· Coat too long.

· Any colours present except lemon-orange. Greyish or blackish markings highly undesirable.

· Size above or below the limits indicated in the standard.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : Its history runs parallel to that of the short-haired Istrian Hound, but pictoral representations and written descriptions are rare, since dogs with tousled hair were less appreciated by artists on account of their untidy outline. However, the wire-haired Istrian hound was described extensively by B.Laska in 1896 and in 1905: these dogs were sold in the Istrian regions of Buzet and Pazin under the name of “barbini”. The breed almost disappeared during the first world war. From 1924 on, these dogs were registered in the Croatian stud-book. FCI recognized the breed in 1948 and the first standard was published in 1969.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The coat colour is snow white with lemon-orange markings. The hair is long and bristly. Oblong head with bushy eyebrows. Strong body, solid bone. Powerful tail, somewhat sabre-like. Dog’s expression is stern, gloomy and sometimes even sombre. Sonorous tongue of medium to deep tone.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Body length should be no more than 10% greater than height at withers.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Gentle, docile, calm and very attached to its owner. Although of fairly even temperament, it is nevertheless a very enthusiastic hunter.

HEAD : The head is well-proportioned in relation to the body. Its length is 20-24 cm; it must not be too light, lips and eyerims should be darkly pigmented.

Skull : Slightly rounded. Occipital protuberance clearly visible as is the frontal furrow which is often covered by a lock of long supple hair. The frontal bone is quite broad. Skull narrows towards the eyes.

Muzzle : Strong, rectangular, broad bridge of the nose covered with shaggy moustache. Seen from the front, the lower jaw gives the muzzle a certain roundness.

Eyes : Dark iris pigmentation; the eyes are large but not bulging. The expression is serious. Given that their hair is coarse and longer, the eyebrows are bushy and thick.

Ears : Not very thick, covered with shorter hair. Set on not far from the eyes but not high, near the topline of the skull. The ears widen towards their middle and are carried close to the cheeks. They are reasonably long, thinner and rounded at the tips. When drawn forward they are considered very long if they reach to the tip of the nose, and long if they reach the canine teeth. They should be at least semi-long reaching to the superciliary arches.

NECK : Seen in profile the junction of the head and neck is visible at the back of the occipital protuberance. Length is 12-15 cm. The skin is taut, without dewlap.

Croup : Broad, especially in females. Slightly sloping, rounded, hips clearly visible.

Chest : Broad and deep, let down at least to the elbow. Usually circumference is about 12-15 cm more than height at withers. Well-sprung ribs. Point of sternum scarcely visible, rounded forechest.

Belly and flank : The underline rises progressively from the xiphoid process to the groin. Belly slightly tucked up, flanks not very pronounced, should not be whippety.

TAIL : Not set on too high, stronger at root and tapering towards tip, carried low with slight upward curve, reaching hock or just below.

Shoulders : Shoulder-blades sloping, long, muscled and well-attached to the thorax. Angle of scapulo-humeral joint is about 90 degrees.

Metacarpus (Pastern) : Short, almost upright, but with a slight slope forming angle of 10 degrees with the vertical.

Front feet : Cat feet but narrow, with tight toes; pads well-developed and resistant; strong nails.

Metatarsus (Rear pastern) : Short and upright, dewclaws, if any, should be removed.

SKIN : Elastic and taut over whole body, without wrinkle. Pinkish in colour.

HAIR : The outer coat, also called top coat, is harsh, about 5-10 cm long, dull, bristly, never curly or wavy. Beneath this coarse coat, especially in winter, one can find a thick short undercoat. The outer coat does not lie close to the skin but is bristly: it should not tangle or form felted locks. Length and thickness of coat will vary according to position on body.

COLOUR : Snow white is the ground colour. Ears are always orangey. On the forehead there is often a similarly coloured star-shaped mark. The ears can also be orange speckled, which is an indication of pure-breeding. Orange spots more or less widespread or flecks of the same colour can be present over the whole body but most usually at the root of the tail. These marks must not be numerous nor spread out in such a way as to overwhelm the snow white ground colour. These spots should be bright in colour, not pale nor dark nor brown, any of which would indicate cross-breeding. A third colour, even if only a few hairs, is unacceptable.

Weight : The weight of an adult dog fed normally is 16-24 kg. An ideal average weight would be about 20 kg.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Ears too short or carried too far away from the head, set too high or too low, with hair covering excessively long, silky, wavy, curly or even felted.

· Any colour other than lemon-orange; never greyish spots and especially never blackish ones.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard N° 153 / 14. 04. 1999 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

DALMATIAN (Dalmatinac) Foto

UTILIZATION : Companion dog, family dog, suitable to be trained for various purposes.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The origin of the Dalmatian dog is still obscure and rests solely on suppositions. From illustrations, discovered in the tombs of ancient Pharaohs and similar to paintings dating back to the period from the 16th to the 18th century, one can suppose that the Dalmatian has been in existence for some thousands of years. Church chronicles from the 14th century and from the year 1719 definitely suggest that the breed originated in the Mediterranean region and especially in the neighbourhood of the Dalmatian coast.

The earliest illustrations of the breed can be found in pictures by Italian painters of the 16th century and in a fresco in Zaostrog (Dalmatia) that can be dated back to the year 1710 approximately.

A work by Thomas Bewick, published in 1792, contains a description and the drawing of a Dalmatian, which Bewick refers to as « the Dalmatian or coach Dog ».

The first standard for the Dalmatian was written by an Englishman named Vero Shaw in the year 1882; in 1890 this standard was transferred to the official breed standard.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The Dalmatian is a well balanced, distinctively spotted, strong, muscular and active dog. Symmetrical in outline, free from coarseness and lumber, and as a former « coach dog » capable of great endurance at a fair turn of speed.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Outgoing and friendly, not shy or hesitant, free from nervousness and aggression.

Skull : Flat, fairly broad between the ears, with well defined temples. Slight frontal furrow. Entirly free from wrinkle.

Nose : Nose leather in the black spotted variety always black, in the liver spotted variety always brown.

Muzzle : Long, powerful, never snipy. Nasal bridge straight and parallel to the upper outline of the skull.

Lips : Clean, fitting the jaw rather closely, not pendulous. A complete pigmentation is desired.

Jaws/Teeth : Jaws strong with a perfect and regular scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Desirable is a complete set of 42 teeth (in accordance with the teeth formula). The teeth are evenly proportioned and white.

Eyes : Set moderately well apart, medium size, round, bright and sparkling with an intelligent and alert expression. Colour dark brown in black spotted, light brown to amber in liver spotted dogs. Eye rims completely black in the black spotted, and completely liver brown in the liver spotted dogs. Eyelid close to the eyeball.

Ears : Set on rather high, moderate size, rather wide at base. Carried close to the head, gradually tapering to rounded point. Fine in texture, marking well broken up, preferably spotted.

NECK : Fairly long, nicely arched, tapering to the head, free from throatiness.

Chest : Not too broad, but deep and capacious. Brisket should reach to the elbows. Forechest well visible in profile. Ribs well proportioned, long, nicely sprung, never flat, barrel-shaped or malformed.

TAIL : Reaching approximately to the hock. Strong at the base, evenly tapering towards the tip; free from coarseness. Inserted neither too low nor too high. At rest carried pendent with a slight upward curve in the lowest third of the tail. When moving carried higher slightly above the topline, but never upright (gay) or curled. Preferably spotted.

FOREQUARTERS : Forelegs perfectly straight, with strong round bone down to feet.

HINDQUARTERS : Rounded, muscular, clean. Viewed from the rear hindlegs vertical and parallel.

FEET : Round, compact with well arched toes (cat feet). Pads round, tough and elastic. Nails black or white in black spotted variety; in liver spotted brown or white.

GAIT/MOVEMENT : Great freedom of movement. Smooth, powerful, rhythmic action with long stride and good drive from hindquarters; viewed from the rear legs moving parallel, hindlegs tracking the fore. A short stride and paddling action are incorrect.

COLOUR : Ground colour pure white. Black spotted variety with black spots, liver spotted variety with brown spots; not intermingling but round, well defined and as well distributed as possible. Size 2-3 cm in diameter. Spots on the head, tail and extremities smaller than those on the body.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Limited patching around eyes (monocle) or elsewhere, yet acceptable for breeding).

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

RECOMMENDATION : In order to reduce the incident of deafness in Dalmatians (20-30%).

· Bilaterally deaf Dalmatians and blue-eyed Dalmatians should be discarded from breeding, ideally unilaterally deaf dogs likewise.

· Dogs with limited patching around eyes (monocle) or elsewhere should be accepted for breeding.

UTILIZATION : It is a good scent hound with excellent stamina, particularly suited to hunting hare and fox. It can also be used as a leash hound. Its robust constitution is ideally suited to hunting in the vast forests and thick undergrowth in the Save valley.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : This ancient hound breed is indigeneous to Croatia. Its origins are lost in the mists of time. Frescoes of 1474 (chapel dedicated to St. Mary at Beram, near Pazin), chronicles of 1719 (Bishop Bakič of Djakovo) and of 1859 (Franjo Bertič, a veterinarian, also of Djakovo) and books (Joze Kristen) all bear witness to this breed’s antiquity. These hounds from the Save Valley were sold in Croatia under the name of “boskini” and highly prized in the neighbouring regions. In 1924, the breed was presented for the first time at a dog show. The first registrations in the Croatian stud-book date back to 1929. FCI accepted the breed in 1955. The first standard bearing the correct name of the breed (Posavatz dog) was published in 1969; this name indicates that the breed originated in the broad and densely wooded Save Valley (Posavina) south-east of Zagreb.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Robust dog of average proportions whose red, reddish or wheaten coat has white markings on the head, around the neck, on the chest, on the lower limbs and at the tip of the tail. It has a high sonorous tongue.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Body length should be 11-13% more than height at withers.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Docile, very attached to its owner, good-natured: reasonably lively temperament. Very enthusiastic hunter.

Skull : Seen in profile, frontal bone is slightly rounded. Seen from above, skull is oval and not too wide. Well-defined frontal furrow, pronounced occipital crest.

Lips : Average thickness, tight-fitting, top lip just over-lapping bottom lip. Well-fitting commissure. Dark or black pigmentation.

Eyes : Large, with perfectly fitting eyelids. Dark-coloured iris. Gentle expression.

Ears : Dropped, close-fitting to the cheeks, flat, thin, rounded at the tips. When drawn forward towards the nose they should reach the labial commissure.

NECK : See in profile chest is slightly arched. Sloping neck, of average length, well-muscled. Tight-fitting skin.

Loin : Medium length lumbar region, broad, muscled, strong and firmly attached to the croup.

Croup : Muscled, slightly rounded and moderately sloping. Hip bones hardly noticeable.

Chest : Long, broad and well let down. Well sprung ribs. Moderately broad brisket. Point of sternum not very pronounced.

TAIL : Continuing the line of the back, broad at the root. Average length, at most reaching the hock. Sabre tail carriage. Tail covered in thick hair like a brush, with longer hair on the under side, admissible.

General appearance : Seen front on, upright; good width: seen in profile slightly « propped forward ». Strong bone.

Front feet : More a cat foot than a hare foot, with tight toes. Resistant elastic pads. Strong nails, preferably dark.

Metatarsus (Rear pastern) : Upright, medium length, any dewclaws should be removed.

HAIR : 2-3 cm long, straight, dense and close-lying. Belly well covered with hair. The hair is slightly longer on the underside of the belly, on the back of the limbs and on the underside of the tail.

COLOUR : Colour can be all shades of reddish wheaten but never brown or chocolate. White markings on the head can be a star, a blaze or a more wide-spread white mark. On the neck, white markings either form a collar or a splash on the throat; white markings are also found on the chest, under the belly, on the underpart of limbs and on the end of the tail. In all these designated areas, white markings are sought after but must never cover more than one third of the whole body.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Any markings other than white to be rejected, especially greyish or blackish ones.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

BOSNIAN COARSE-HAIRED HOUND - BARAK (Bosanski Oštrodlaki Gonič - Barak) Foto

OTHER NAMES: Chien Courant de Bosnie a Poil Long - dit Barak; Bosnischer Rauhhaariger Laufhund - gennant Barak; Sabueso de Bosnia de pelo duro - Ilamado Barak

TRANSLATION : Mrs. Peggy Davis.

ORIGIN : Bosnia.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 15.01.1973.

UTILIZATION : Well working scenthound, resistant and persistant, with a sonorous high sounding voice, sometimes deep-voiced.

FCI CLASSIFICATION : Group 6        Scent hounds and related breeds.
                                           Section 1.2   Medium sized Hounds.
                                           With working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : This breed was registered with the F.C.I. on the 19th June 1965, under Standard No 155 a and under the name of Illyrian Hound. In the present standard, apart from a few complements and corrections, the name of the breed is changed to "Bosnian Coarse-Haired Hound - Barak".

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Robust dog; its coat is long and shaggy; head long and moderately broad, eyebrows pronounced and bushy. The expression serious, severe but playful. The basic colour is reddish-yellow or earthy grey with white markings on the lower parts.

CHARACTER/TEMPERAMENT : Lively temperament, courageous and persistant dog.

IMPORTANT PROPORTION : The length of the body must exceed the height at the withers by 10%.

HEAD

GENERALLY : Seen in profile the occipital protuberance well pronounced, the forehead slightly convex, moderate stop, nasal bridge straight. Muzzle in rectangle shape, covered with a bushy moustache and beard. Seen from above the head is of medium width narrowing towards the nose. The muzzle is a little longer than the skull. The total length of the head is about 20 to 25 cm.

CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Superciliary arches very pronounced. Frontal furrow reveals itself to the touch as moderately developed.
Stop : In gentle slope.

FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Large, nostrils well developed, black or dark brown.
Muzzle : Strong, long, deep, wider at the base, narrowing towards the nose.
Lips : Tight and somewhat thick.
Teeth : Strong; scissor bite, dentition complete.
Eyes : Large, oval, chestnut brown, intelligent and playful expression.
Leathers : Moderately high set, medium long and broad. Pendulous, quite thick, getting finer and rounded at their tip.

NECK :
Profile : The insertion with the head shows a pronounced demarcation. The neck is oblique from top to bottom.
Shape : Medium width, increases in depth towards the chest. Muscular.
Skin : Tight fitting, supple and covered with dense hair.

BODY :
Generally : The topline in gentle slope towards the rump.
Withers : Moderately pronounced.
Back : Broad and muscular.
Lumbar region : Short and muscular.
Rump : Slightly oblique and broad (especially in the female). Hipbones hardly apparent.
Chest : Long, medium width, ribs slightly rounded, in depth reaching at least to the elbows. Brisket fairly broad.
Belly and flanks : Belly slightly tucked up.

TAIL : Well set on, thicker at its base, finer towards the tip and reaching the hock or slightly beyond. Carried slightly curved upwards scimitar like. Very hairy.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS :
Generally : Forelegs vertical, straight and parallel, seen in profile and from the front.
Shoulder : Long, oblique and muscular.
Arm : Long and muscular. The elbows are fairly close to the body.
Scapular-humeral angle : Must be of 90º.
Forearm : Vertical, straight, muscular and strong.
Pastern-joint : Hardly apparent.
Pastern : Short, vertical or slightly oblique forming an angle up to 10º with the vertical.
Feet : Cat feet, toes well-knit, pads hard, nails strong and well pigmented.

HINDQUARTERS :
Generally : Hindlegs vertical and parallel seen in profile and from behind.
Thigh : Of medium length, broad and muscular.
Leg : Strong, long, oblique and muscular.
Hockjoint : Strong and well positioned.
Hock : Perpendicular to the ground, short and strong.
Feet : As the front feet but a little longer.

MOVEMENT / GAIT : Long and energetic strides.

SKIN : Of medium thickness, elastic, tight fitting, well pigmented and covered with a dense coat.

COAT

HAIR : Long, hard, shaggy, tousled, with a dense undercoat.

COLOUR : Basic colour can be wheaten yellow, reddish yellow, earthy grey or blackish. White markings are often found on the head (star, blaze on head), under the throat, below the neck, on and under the chest, the lower parts of the legs and on the tip of the tail. The colour can be combined in bicolour or tricolour.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT :

Height at the withers : For males from 46 to 56 cm, the ideal being 52 cm; the females are little smaller.

Weight for males is from 16 to 24 kg, the ideal weight is about 20 kg.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault is regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

IMPORTANT FAULTS : Head longer and heavier; insufficient pigmentation of eyes and the visible mucous membranes; pincer bite; ears folded or raised. Dewlap only slightly pronounced. Irregularity of the legs and articular angulations; chest too wide or too narrow; slight saddle back or arched; light bone structure; weak musculature. Harefeet, toes not tight enough; dewclaws. Insufficient proportions of the different parts.

ELIMINATORY FAULTS : Head too broad (excessively coarse); eyes very light or even wall eye; depigmentation of the nose and of the visible mucuous membranes; height at the withers insufficient or excessive. Marked disproportion among the different parts of the body and especially between the height at the withers and the length of the body; incorrect legs (cow-hocked or bowed); tail deviated or curled up; sign of degeneration of dentition (teeth missing), of jaws and genitals; hair too long, woolly, wavy or curly. All other colours than those mentioned, but especially chocolate or black.

N.B.: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.