FCI Standard 46

FCI-Standard N° 46 / 05. 05. 2003 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

APPENZELL CATTLE DOG (Appenzeller Sennenhund) Foto

TRANSLATION : Mrs. C. Seidler.

ORIGIN : Switzerland.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 25.03.2003.

UTILIZATION : Driving-, watch-, guard-, house- and farm dog. Today also a versatile working and family dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain- and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.

Section 3 Swiss Mountain- and Cattle Dogs.

Without working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : In 1853 an Appenzell Cattle Dog was first described in the book “Tierleben der Alpenwelt” (Animal Life in the Alps) as a “high-pitch barking, short-haired, medium size, multicolour cattle dog of a quite even Spitz type, which can be found in certain regions and is used partly to guard the homestead, partly to herd cattle.” In 1895, the great promotor of the breed, head-forester Max Siber, asked the SKG (Schweizerische Kynologische Gesellschaft, Swiss Cynological Society) to do something for the breed. 1898 the executive authorities of the Canton St. Gallen put the sum of SFr. 400.- at disposal to support the breeding of the Appenzell Cattle Dog. The SKG then formed a special commission, the characteristic traits of the breed were fixed, and at the fair at Altstätten 9 dogs and 7 bitches appeared; they received prizes between SFr.5. to 10-. As a result, 8 Appenzell Cattle Dogs were shown at the first international dog show in Winterthur and entered in the newly introduced, separate class “Cattle Dogs”. At the instigation of Prof. Dr. Albert Heim, who commited himself very much to the Swiss Cattle Dogs and with them also to the Appenzell Cattle Dog, the “Appenzeller Sennenhund Club” was founded in 1906. Its purpose was to preserve and promote the breed in its natural state. With the compulsory registration of puppies in the “Appenzeller Dog Stud Book” the aim of selective pure-breeding was begun. In 1914 Prof.Heim set up the first valid breed standard. The original breeding territory was the Appenzell region. Today the breed is distributed all over Switzerland and beyond its borders and bred in many European countries. The notion “Appenzeller Sennenhund” is clearly defined nowadays and the breed, as such, quite distinct from the other Swiss Cattle Dogs. Although the Appenzell Cattle Dog has found many admirers, the breeding stock is still very small. It is only by responsible and careful breeding that it will be possible to establish and consolidate its natural and outstanding hereditary qualities.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Tricolour, medium-sized, almost squarely built dog, balanced in all parts. Muscular, very agile and deft, with a cheeky expression.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :

Height at withers to length of body = 9 : 10. Rather compact than long.
Length of muzzle to length of skull = 4 : 5.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Lively, high-spirited, self-assured, reliable and fearless. Slightly suspicious of strangers. A watchdog which cannot be bribed, and capable of learning.

HEAD : Balanced size in relation to body. Slightly wedge-shaped.

CRANIAL REGION :

Skull : Skull fairly flat, broadest between the ears, tapering evenly towards the muzzle. Occiput barely pronounced. Frontal furrow moderately developed.

Stop : Slightly marked.

FACIAL REGION :

Nose : In black dogs black, in havana-brown dogs brown (as dark as possible).

Muzzle : Medium strength, tapering evenly, but not snipy, with strong lower jaw. Nasal bridge straight.

Lips : Clean and close fitting, with black pigmentation in black dogs or with brown pigmentation (as dark as possible) in havana-brown dog. Corner of the mouth not visible.

Jaws/Teeth : Strong, complete and regular scissor bite. Pincer bite tolerated. One missing PM1 or double PM1 (premolar 1) and missing M3 (molars) tolerated.

Cheeks : Barely pronounced.

Eyes : Rather small, almond-shaped, not protruding. Set slightly oblique towards the nose. Expression lively. Colour: in black dogs dark brown, brown; in havana brown dogs lighter brown, but as dark as possible. Eye-lids close fitting. Eye-rims black respectively brown (as dark as possible) corresponding to the colour of the coat.

Ears : Set on fairly high and broad; in repose hanging down flat and close to cheeks. Triangular shape with tips slightly rounded off. In alertness raised at set-on and turned forward so that the head and ears, seen from above, form a marked triangle.

NECK : Rather short, strong and clean.

BODY : Compact, strong.

Back : Moderately long, firm and straight.

Loins : Short and well muscled.

Croup : Relatively short, running in flat continuation of the topline.

Chest : Broad, deep, reaching to the elbows, with definite forechest. Sternum reaching sufficiently far back. Ribcage round-oval in diameter.

Underline and Belly : Only slight tuck up.

TAIL : Set on high, strong, of medium length, densely coated. Hair slightly longer on underside. In movement carried tightly curled over the croup, carried sideways or in centre. In repose pendent tail in various shapes tolerated.

LIMBS : Strong and dry bone.

FOREQUARTERS :

General : Well muscled; seen from front forelegs straight and parallel; standing not too close.

Shoulder : Shoulder blade long and sloping.

Upper arm : Same length or only slightly shorter than shoulder blade. Angle with shoulder blade not too blunt.

Elbows : Close fitting.

Forearm : Straight, lean.

Pastern : Seen from front in straight continuation of the forearm. Seen from the side, set at a very light angle.

HINDQUARTERS :

General : Well muscled. Seen from rear, hindlegs straight and parallel, standing not too close. The typical angulations result in relatively “steep” hindquarters.

Upper thigh : Fairly long, forming a relatively small angle to the hip-bone (coxo-femoral joint).

Lower thigh : Equally long or only slightly shorter than the upper thigh. Lean and well muscled.

Hock joint : Set relatively high.

Hock : Set vertical and parallel, slightly longer than the front pastern, turning neither in nor out. Dewclaws must be removed, except in those countries where their removal is prohibited by law.

FEET : Short, arched, tight toes; solid pads.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Good rear drive, well reaching stride in front. Seen from either front or rear, limbs move in a straight line when trotting.

COAT

HAIR : Double coat (Stockhaar): Firm and fitting. Topcoat thick and shiny. Undercoat thick, black, brown or grey. It is undesirable for the undercoat to be visible through the topcoat. Slightly wavy coat only on withers and back just tolerated, but not desirable.

COLOUR AND MARKINGS : Basic colour black or havana brown with reddish-brown and white markings as symmetrical as possible. Small reddish-brown spots over eyes. Reddish-brown markings on cheeks, chest (left and right in the region of the shoulder-joint) and on legs. The reddish-brown on the latter must invariably be located between the black, resp. havana brown and the white.

White markings :

Distinct white blaze which runs from the skull without break over the bridge of the nose and can reach totally or partially round the muzzle.
White from chin, covering throat without break at chest.
White on all four feet.
White on tip of tail.
White spot on nape of neck or half collar tolerated.
Thin white ring all around neck tolerated but not desirable.

SIZE :

Desired height at withers : Dogs : 52 – 56 cm,

Bitches: 50 – 54 cm.

Tolerance of plus or minus 2 cm.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Lack of typical sex-specific appearance.
To long or unbalanced in body.
Bone fine or too coarse.
Insufficient musculature.
Very heavy or very light in head.
Skull round.
Stop too defined.
Muzzle too long, too short, narrow or pointed; nasal bridge not straight.
Lips too developed.
Absence of teeth other than 2 PM1 (premolars 1).
Cheeks too prominent.
Eyes round, protruding or light.
Ears too small, too large, standing off; set on too high or too low.
Swayback, roach back.
Croup overbuilt or falling away.
Belly tucked up.
Chest flat or barrel-shaped; lack of forechest; sternum too short.
Loosely rolled tail, its tip reaching at least the base of the tail.
Insufficient angulation of fore-and hindquarters.
Out at elbows.
Down on pastern.
Cow hocks.
Feet longish-oval (harefeet), splay feet.
Incorrect movement, e.g. short, stilted gait, close movement coming and going, crossing etc.
Undercoat visible through topcoat.
Faults in marking :

· Black ticks on white.

· Broken blaze.

· Broad white collar around the hole neck.

· Divided white on chest.

· White reaching distinctly above pastern (“boots”).

· Absence of white on feet and tip of tail.

Over- or undersize regarding tolerance.

Insecure behaviour, absence of liveliness, slight sharpness.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

· Aggressive or overly shy.

· Overshot or undershot mouth.

· Entropion, ectropion.

· Wall eye.

· Sickle tail (its tip not reaching the base of the tail), definitely pendent tail; kink tail.

· Other than double coat (Stockhaar).

· Other than tricoloured coat.

· Other than black or havana-brown main colour.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

UTILIZATION : Driving-, watch-, guard-, and farm dog. Today also a versatile working and agreeable family dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.

SHORT HISTORICAL SURVEY : The “Entlebucher” is the smallest of the four Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs. He originates from Entlebuch, a valley in the region of the Cantons Lucerne and Bern. The first description under the name “Entlibucherhund” dates from the year 1889, but for a considerable time after that date, no difference was made between Appenzell and Entlebuch Cattle Dogs. In the year 1913 four examples of this small herding dog with congenital bobtail were exhibited at the dog show in Langenthal and presented to Prof.Dr.Albert Heim, the great patron of the Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dog breeds. On account of the judges reports, they were entered into the Swiss Canine Stud Book (SHSB) as the fourth Mountain and Cattle Dog breed. However, the first standard was only completed in 1927. After August 28^th 1926, the date of the foundation of the Swiss Club of Entlebuch Cattle Dogs initiated by Dr. B. Kobler, this breed was promoted and continued as purebred. As the small number of entries into the SHSB (Swiss Stud Book) shows, the breed developed only slowly.

The Entlebuch Cattle Dog received renewed impetus when, apart from his hereditary qualities as a lively, tireless driving dog, his outstanding suitability as a utility and companion dog was proved. Today, still on a modest scale, this attractive tricoloured dog has found his admirers and enjoys increased popularity as a family dog.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Only just medium-sized, compactly built dog of slightly elongated shape. Tricolour like all the Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs, very agile and deft; alert, clever and friendly facial expression.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Lively, high-spirited, self-assured and fearless. Good-natured and devoted towards people familiar to him, slightly suspicious of strangers. Cannot be bribed as a watch dog. Cheerful and capable of learning.

HEAD : In harmonious proportion to the body, slightly wedge-shaped, clean. Head planes of muzzle and skull more or less parallel.

Skull : Rather flat, relatively broad, broadest between set-on of ears; slightly tapering towards muzzle. Occipital bone barely visible. Frontal furrow barely pronounced.

Muzzle : Strong, well chiselled, clearly set off from forehead and cheeks, tapering evenly but not pointed. Slightly shorter than distance from stop to occipital protuberance. Bridge of nose straight.

Jaws/Teeth : Strong, regular and complete scissor bite. Even bite tolerated. Absence of one or two PM1 (premolar 1) tolerated. Absence of M3 (molar 3) not taken into consideration.

Eyes : Rather small, roundish, dark brown to hazel. Expression lively, friendly, alert. Eyelids well fitting. Black pigmentation on rims.

Ears : Not too big. Set on high and relatively wide. Flaps pendulous, triangular, well rounded at tip. Firm, well developed ear-cartilage. In repose lying flat and close to head; when alert, slightly raised at set-on and turned forward.

Chest : Broad, deep, reaching to the elbows. Pronounced forechest. Ribs moderately rounded. Ribcage extended, roundish-oval in diameter.

FOREQUARTERS : Strongly muscled but not too heavy. Forelegs placed neither too wide nor too close together; forelegs short, sturdy, straight, parallel and placed well under the body.

Shoulders : Muscular, shoulder blade long, slanting and well attached to the body.

Upper arm : Length equal or slightly shorter than shoulder blade. Angle to shoulder blade about 110-120 degrees.

Pastern : Seen from the front in straight continuation of the forearm; seen from the side very slightly angulated. Relatively short.

HINDQUARTERS : Well muscled. Seen from behind hind legs not too close together, straight and parallel.

Upper thigh : Fairly long. Forming a rather wide angle with the lower thigh at the stifle joint. Thighs broad and strong.

Hock : Fairly short, sturdy, vertical and parallel in position. Dewclaws must be removed, except in those countries where the removal is prohibited by law.

FEET : Roundish, with tight, well arched toes, pointing straight forward. Nails short and strong. Pads coarse and robust.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Ground covering, free, easy movement with strong drive from rear. Seen from front or rear, legs track in a straight line.

HAIR : Double coat (Stockhaar). Topcoat short, close fitting, harsh and shiny. Undercoat dense. Slightly wavy hair on withers and/or back tolerated, but not desirable.

COLOUR AND MARKINGS : Typically tricolour. Basic colour black with “yellow- to reddish-brown” tan markings which should be as symmetric as possible. The tan markings are placed above the eyes, on cheeks, on muzzle and throat, on either side of chest and on all four legs. On the legs the tan markings are situated between the black and the white. Undercoat dark grey to brownish.

Undesirable but tolerated: small white patch on nape of neck (not more than half the size of a palm).

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard N° 48 / 12. 03. 1999 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

KARELIAN BEAR DOG (Karjalankarhukoira) Foto

UTILIZATION : A dog mainly for elk and bear hunting, holds the game at bay. Eager hunter; very independent, yet works cooperatively to game, marking game by barking. The senses, especially of scent, are keen, thus the breed is suitable for big game hunting. Very good sense of direction.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Komi dog, also called the dog of Zyrians, is considered to be the origin of the breed. However, the basic stock dogs originated from the Lagoda’s Karelia, Olonets and Russian Karelia, where they were used for all different types of game hunting. The breeding was started in 1936 with the goal to create a sturdy dog which barks at big game. The first standard was established in 1945. The first dogs were registred in 1946. Today the breed is common in Finland.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium sized, robust conformation, strong, only slightly longer than the height at the withers, with dense coat and pricked ears.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The length of the body is only slightly longer than the height at the withers. The depth of the body is about the half of the height at the withers. The ratio between muzzle and skull is approximately 2 : 3. The length of the skull is about the same as its breadth and depth.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Balanced, slightly reserved, courageous and persistent. Very self-confident, may be aggressive towards other dogs, but never towards people. Highly developed fighting spirit.

Skull : Broad; viewed from the front and in profile slightly convex. Broadest between the ears. The frontal furrow is barely visible. The superciliary ridges are only slightly developed.

Muzzle : Deep, tapering only slightly towards the nose. The nasal bridge is straight.

Jaws/Teeth : The jaws are very strong. The teeth are well developed and symmetrical; normal dentition. Tight scissor bite.

Eyes : Rathers small, slightly oval. Brown of different shades, never yellow. The expression is alert and fiery.

NECK : Muscular; of medium length, arched and covered with profuse hair. Without dewlap.

Chest : Spacious, not very broad, rather long, reaching approximately to the elbows. The ribs are slightly arched; the forechest clearly visible, yet not very broad.

TAIL : High set, of medium length, curved over the back, the tip of the tail touching the body on either side or on the back. A natural bobtail is permitted.

General appearance : Strong with strong bone. Viewed from the front straight and parallel. The upper arm and the shoulder blade are equal in length, the forearm is slightly longer.

Elbows : Pointing straight backwards, placed on the vertical line drawn from the highest point of the shoulder blade.

Fore feet : Tight, well arched, roundish and pointing forward. Pads springy, the sides covered with dense hair.

General appearance : Strong and muscular, viewed from behind straight and parallel. The front line of the hind limb is evenly arched.

Hindfeet : Tight, slightly longer and less arched than the front feet. Pads springy, the sides covered with dense hair.

GAIT/MOVEMENT : Light, ground covering and effortless. Changes easily from trot to gallop, which is the most natural style of movement. The legs move parallel.

HAIR : Outer coat harsh and straight. On the neck, back and backside of the upper thighs longer than elsewhere. The undercoat is soft and dense.

COLOUR : Black, may be dull or shaded with brown. Most individuals have clearly defined white markings on the head, neck, chest, belly and the legs.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard N° 49 / 09. 08. 1999 (Dutch / Ned. standaard)

FINNISH SPITZ (Suomenpystykorva) Foto

UTILIZATION : A hunting dog mainly for forest game birds, also predatory small game, water-fowl and elk. Eager hunter; rather independent, yet works co-operatively to game, marking game by barking.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The origin of the Finnish Spitz is unknown. However it is known that hundreds of years ago dogs of the same type as Finnish Spitz were already being used for all game hunting over the whole country. Originally the main goal was to develop a dog which barked well at game up in trees and was also beautiful. When acceptance to the breed register started in the 1890's, individuals similar in type and usage were found mainly in the eastern and northern parts of the country. The first standard was established in 1892. The first speciality show was held the same year and the first bird-hunting trial in 1897. Today the breed is very common in both Finland and Sweden. It has been developed from pure natural stock and is an essential part of the Finnish culture. The Finnish Spitz was named as the National Dog of Finland in 1979.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Smaller than medium-sized, almost square. In conformation lean, firm and carries itself well.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The length of the body is the same as the height at the withers. The depth of the chest is slightly less than half of the height at the withers. The ratio between the muzzle and skull is approximately 3:4. The skull is a little broader than long; its breadth is the same as its depth.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Lively, vigorous, brave and determined. Possibly a little reserved towards strangers, but never vicious.

Skull : Viewed from above egg-shaped broadening gradually towards the ears, broadest between the ears. Viewed from the front and in profile the skull is slightly convex. The upper axes of the skull and muzzle are almost parallel. The frontal furrow is very shallow. The superciliary ridges and the occiput are slightly visible.

Stop : Not very pronounced, the angle between the nasal bridge and the skull is clearly marked.

Muzzle : Narrow, clean, viewed from above and in profile evenly tapering. The nasal bridge is straight. The lower jaw is clearly visible.

Jaws/Teeth : The jaws are strong. The teeth are well developed and symmetrical; normal dentition. Tight scissor bite.

Eyes : Medium-sized, almond-shaped, slightly oblique and preferably dark. The expression is lively and alert.

Ears : Set rather high, always erect. Rather small sized, pointed, very mobile and covered with fine hair.

NECK : Muscular; it appears to be rather short in males due to the thick ruff, of medium length in bitches. Throat without dewlap.

Chest : Deep, reaching almost the elbows, not very broad. The ribs are slightly arched; the forechest clearly visible, not very broad.

TAIL : Curved vigorously forward from the set-on tightly along the back, down-and slightly backwards pressed against the upper thigh, the tip of the tail reaches to the middle of the upper thigh. When straightened reaches approximately down to the hocks.

General appearance : Viewed from the front straight and parallel. The bone is of medium strength. The upper arm is a little shorter than the shoulder blade and the forearm.

Upper arm : A little shorter than the shoulder blade. Slightly sloping and strong.

Elbows : Placed in front of a vertical line drawn from the highest point of the shoulder blade; pointing straight backwards.

Forefeet : Roundish cat-feet. Toes tight and well arched. Pads elastic, always black, the sides covered with dense hair.

General appearance : Strong, viewed from behind straight and parallel, medium angulation. The bone is of medium strength. The upper thigh is slightly longer than the second thigh.

Hindfeet : A little longer than the front feet, otherwise the same. The dewclaws should be removed.

GAIT/MOVEMENT : Light, covering the ground effortlessly. Changes easily from trot to gallop, which is the most natural style of movement. The legs move parallel. When rushing after game, he bursts explosively into a fast gallop.

HAIR : Rather long on the body, semi-erect or erect, stiffer on the neck and back. On the head and the legs, except at the back of the hindquarters, short and close-lying. The stiff hair on the shoulders, especially in males, is noticeably longer and coarser. On the back of the thighs (trousers) and on the tail the hair is long and dense. The undercoat is short, soft, dense and light in colour.

COLOUR : The hair on the back is red-or golden brown, preferably bright. A lighter shade inside the ears, on cheeks, throat, chest, belly, inside the legs, back of the thighs and on the tail. A white stripe on the chest and small white markings on the feet are permitted.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

· Ears pointing forward in a sharp angle, leaning sideways or close together at the tips, curving backwards or ears that are long-haired inside.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.